Android
Bluetooth y Bluetooth LE API

Observaciones

Permisos

Agregue este permiso al archivo de manifiesto para usar las funciones de Bluetooth en su aplicación:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

Si necesita iniciar el descubrimiento del dispositivo o manipular la configuración de Bluetooth, también debe agregar este permiso:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

El objetivo de la API de Android de nivel 23 y superior, requerirá acceso a la ubicación:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!-- OR -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

* También consulte el tema Permisos para obtener más detalles sobre cómo usar los permisos de manera adecuada.

Compruebe si Bluetooth está habilitado

private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; // Unique request code
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

// ...

if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
    Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
    startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}

// ...

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(final int requestCode, final int resultCode, final Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // Bluetooth was enabled
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
            // Bluetooth was not enabled
        }
    }
}

Hacer que el dispositivo sea detectable

private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT = 2; // Unique request code
private static final int DISCOVERABLE_DURATION = 120; // Discoverable duration time in seconds
                                                      // 0 means always discoverable
                                                      // maximum value is 3600

// ...

Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, DISCOVERABLE_DURATION);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT);

// ...

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(final int requestCode, final int resultCode, final Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if (requestCode == REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // Device is discoverable
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
            // Device is not discoverable
        }
    }
}

Encuentra dispositivos bluetooth cercanos

Declara un adaptador BluetoothAdapter primero.

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

Ahora crea un BroadcastReceiver para ACTION_FOUND

private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    String action = intent.getAction();

    //Device found                
    if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) 
    {
        // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
        // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a list
        mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
    }
  }
};

Registrar el BroadcastReceiver

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);

Luego comienza a descubrir los dispositivos Bluetooth cercanos llamando a startDiscovery

mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); 

No olvide onDestroy el registro de BroadcastReceiver dentro onDestroy

unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);

Conectar a dispositivo Bluetooth

Después de obtener el dispositivo Bluetooth, puedes comunicarte con él. Este tipo de comunicación se realiza mediante el uso de entradas / salidas de socket:

Esos son los pasos básicos para el establecimiento de la comunicación Bluetooth:

1) Inicializar zócalo:

 private BluetoothSocket _socket;
 //...
 public InitializeSocket(BluetoothDevice device){
    try {
        _socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(<Your app UDID>);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
  }

2) Conectar al zócalo:

try {
    _socket.connect();
} catch (IOException connEx) {
    try {
        _socket.close();
    } catch (IOException closeException) {
        //Error
    }
}

if (_socket != null && _socket.isConnected()) {
    //Socket is connected, now we can obtain our IO streams
}

3) Obtención de entrada de socket \ flujos de salida

private InputStream _inStream;
private OutputStream _outStream;
//....
try {
    _inStream = _socket.getInputStream();
    _outStream =  _socket.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
   //Error
}

Flujo de entrada : se utiliza como canal de datos entrantes (recibe datos del dispositivo conectado)

Flujo de salida : se utiliza como canal de datos salientes (enviar datos al dispositivo conectado)

Después de finalizar el 3er paso, podemos recibir y enviar datos entre ambos dispositivos utilizando flujos previamente iniciados:

1) Recepción de datos (lectura desde el flujo de entrada de socket)

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer (our data)
int bytesCount; // amount of read bytes

while (true) {
    try {
        //reading data from input stream
        bytesCount = _inStream.read(buffer);
        if(buffer != null && bytesCount > 0)
        {
            //Parse received bytes
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
}

2) Envío de datos (Escritura a flujo de salida)

public void write(byte[] bytes) {
    try {
        _outStream.write(bytes);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
}

• Por supuesto, la funcionalidad de conexión, lectura y escritura se debe hacer en un hilo dedicado.
• Sockets y objetos Stream deben ser

Encuentra dispositivos Bluetooth de baja energía cercanos

La API de BluetoothLE se introdujo en la API 18. Sin embargo, la forma de escanear dispositivos ha cambiado en la API 21. La búsqueda de dispositivos debe comenzar con la definición del UUID de servicio que se va a escanear (ya sea de forma independiente o adoptada por UUID de 16 bits o de propietario) . Este ejemplo ilustra cómo hacer una forma independiente de búsqueda de dispositivos BLE para la API:

1. Crear modelo de dispositivo bluetooth:

public class BTDevice {
    String address;
    String name;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

2. Definir la interfaz de escaneo de Bluetooth:

public interface ScanningAdapter {

    void startScanning(String name, String[] uuids);
    void stopScanning();
    List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList();
}

3. Crear clase de escaneo de fábrica:

public class BluetoothScanningFactory implements ScanningAdapter {

    private ScanningAdapter mScanningAdapter;

    public BluetoothScanningFactory() {
        if (isNewerAPI()) {
            mScanningAdapter = new LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter();
        } else {
            mScanningAdapter = new JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter();
        }
    }

    private boolean isNewerAPI() {
        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP;
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        mScanningAdapter.startScanning(uuids);
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        mScanningAdapter.stopScanning();
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mScanningAdapter.getFoundDeviceList();
    }
}

4. Crear implementación de fábrica para cada API:

API 18:

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.util.Log;

import bluetooth.model.BTDevice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
public class JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter implements ScanningAdapter{
    BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    ScanCallback mCallback;

    List<BTDevice> mBluetoothDeviceList;

    public JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter() {
        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mCallback = new ScanCallback();
        mBluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        if (uuids == null || uuids.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        UUID[] uuidList = createUUIDList(uuids);
        bluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(uuidList, mCallback);
    }

    private UUID[] createUUIDList(String[] uuids) {
        UUID[] uuidList = new UUID[uuids.length];
        for (int i = 0 ; i < uuids.length ; ++i) {
            String uuid = uuids[i];
            if (uuid == null) {
                continue;
            }
            uuidList[i] = UUID.fromString(uuid);
        }
        return uuidList;
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mBluetoothDeviceList;
    }

    private class ScanCallback implements BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback {

        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            if (isAlreadyAdded(device)) {
                return;
            }
            BTDevice btDevice = new BTDevice();
            btDevice.setName(new String(device.getName()));
            btDevice.setAddress(device.getAddress());
            mBluetoothDeviceList.add(btDevice);
            Log.d("Bluetooth discovery", device.getName() + " " + device.getAddress());
            Parcelable[] uuids = device.getUuids();
            String uuid = "";
            if (uuids != null) {
                for (Parcelable ep : uuids) {
                    uuid += ep + " ";
                }
                Log.d("Bluetooth discovery", device.getName() + " " + device.getAddress() + " " + uuid);
            }
        }

        private boolean isAlreadyAdded(BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice) {
            for (BTDevice device : mBluetoothDeviceList) {
                String alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress = device.getAddress();
                String newDeviceMACAddress = bluetoothDevice.getAddress();
                if (alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress.equals(newDeviceMACAddress)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

API 21:

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanFilter;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanSettings;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.ParcelUuid;

import bluetooth.model.BTDevice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public class LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter implements ScanningAdapter {
    BluetoothLeScanner bluetoothLeScanner;
    ScanCallback mCallback;

    List<BTDevice> mBluetoothDeviceList;

    public LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter() {
        bluetoothLeScanner = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getBluetoothLeScanner();
        mCallback = new ScanCallback();
        mBluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        if (uuids == null || uuids.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        List<ScanFilter> filterList = createScanFilterList(uuids);
        ScanSettings scanSettings = createScanSettings();
        bluetoothLeScanner.startScan(filterList, scanSettings, mCallback);
    }

    private List<ScanFilter> createScanFilterList(String[] uuids) {
        List<ScanFilter> filterList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String uuid : uuids) {
            ScanFilter filter = new ScanFilter.Builder()
                    .setServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(uuid))
                    .build();
            filterList.add(filter);
        };
        return filterList;
    }

    private ScanSettings createScanSettings() {
        ScanSettings settings = new ScanSettings.Builder()
                .setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_BALANCED)
                .build();
        return settings;
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mBluetoothDeviceList;
    }

    public class ScanCallback extends android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback {

        @Override
        public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
            super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);
            if (result == null) {
                return;
            }
            BTDevice device = new BTDevice();
            device.setAddress(result.getDevice().getAddress());
            device.setName(new StringBuffer(result.getScanRecord().getDeviceName()).toString());
            if (device == null || device.getAddress() == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (isAlreadyAdded(device)) {
                return;
            }
            mBluetoothDeviceList.add(device);
        }

        private boolean isAlreadyAdded(BTDevice bluetoothDevice) {
            for (BTDevice device : mBluetoothDeviceList) {
                String alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress = device.getAddress();
                String newDeviceMACAddress = bluetoothDevice.getAddress();
                if (alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress.equals(newDeviceMACAddress)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

5. Obtenga la lista de dispositivos encontrados llamando a:

   scanningFactory.startScanning({uuidlist});
   
   wait few seconds...
   
   List<BTDevice> bluetoothDeviceList = scanningFactory.getFoundDeviceList();