Android
Bluetooth en Bluetooth LE API

Opmerkingen

Rechten

Voeg deze toestemming toe aan het manifestbestand om Bluetooth-functies in uw toepassing te gebruiken:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />

Als u apparaatdetectie moet initiëren of Bluetooth-instellingen moet bewerken, moet u ook deze toestemming toevoegen:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

Als u Android API-niveau 23 en hoger target, heeft u locatietoegang nodig:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!-- OR -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

* Zie ook het onderwerp Machtigingen voor meer informatie over hoe u de juiste rechten gebruikt.

Controleer of Bluetooth is ingeschakeld

private static final int REQUEST_ENABLE_BT = 1; // Unique request code
BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

// ...

if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
    Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
    startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
}

// ...

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(final int requestCode, final int resultCode, final Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if (requestCode == REQUEST_ENABLE_BT) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // Bluetooth was enabled
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
            // Bluetooth was not enabled
        }
    }
}

Maak apparaat vindbaar

private static final int REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT = 2; // Unique request code
private static final int DISCOVERABLE_DURATION = 120; // Discoverable duration time in seconds
                                                      // 0 means always discoverable
                                                      // maximum value is 3600

// ...

Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, DISCOVERABLE_DURATION);
startActivityForResult(discoverableIntent, REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT);

// ...

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(final int requestCode, final int resultCode, final Intent data) {
    super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

    if (requestCode == REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE_BT) {
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // Device is discoverable
        } else if (resultCode == RESULT_CANCELED) {
            // Device is not discoverable
        }
    }
}

Zoek Bluetooth-apparaten in de buurt

Verklaar eerst een BluetoothAdapter adapter.

BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;

Maak nu een BroadcastReceiver voor ACTION_FOUND

private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
    String action = intent.getAction();

    //Device found                
    if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) 
    {
        // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
        // Add the name and address to an array adapter to show in a list
        mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
    }
  }
};

Registreer de BroadcastReceiver

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);

Begin vervolgens met het ontdekken van de nabijgelegen Bluetooth-apparaten door startDiscovery bellen

mBluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery(); 

Vergeet niet om de BroadcastReceiver binnen op onDestroy

unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);

Maak verbinding met Bluetooth-apparaat

Nadat u BluetoothDevice hebt verkregen, kunt u ermee communiceren. Dit soort communicatie wordt uitgevoerd met socketingang \ uitgangsstromen:

Dat zijn de basisstappen voor het tot stand brengen van Bluetooth-communicatie:

1) Initialiseer socket:

 private BluetoothSocket _socket;
 //...
 public InitializeSocket(BluetoothDevice device){
    try {
        _socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(<Your app UDID>);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
  }

2) Verbinden met socket:

try {
    _socket.connect();
} catch (IOException connEx) {
    try {
        _socket.close();
    } catch (IOException closeException) {
        //Error
    }
}

if (_socket != null && _socket.isConnected()) {
    //Socket is connected, now we can obtain our IO streams
}

3) Het verkrijgen van socket Input \ Output streams

private InputStream _inStream;
private OutputStream _outStream;
//....
try {
    _inStream = _socket.getInputStream();
    _outStream =  _socket.getOutputStream();
} catch (IOException e) {
   //Error
}

Ingangsstroom - Gebruikt als inkomend gegevenskanaal (gegevens ontvangen van verbonden apparaat)

Uitgangsstroom - Gebruikt als uitgaand gegevenskanaal (gegevens verzenden naar verbonden apparaat)

Na het voltooien van de 3e stap kunnen we gegevens ontvangen en verzenden tussen beide apparaten met behulp van eerder geïnitialiseerde streams:

1) Gegevens ontvangen (lezen van socketinvoerstroom)

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];  // buffer (our data)
int bytesCount; // amount of read bytes

while (true) {
    try {
        //reading data from input stream
        bytesCount = _inStream.read(buffer);
        if(buffer != null && bytesCount > 0)
        {
            //Parse received bytes
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
}

2) Gegevens verzenden (schrijven naar uitvoerstroom)

public void write(byte[] bytes) {
    try {
        _outStream.write(bytes);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        //Error
    }
}

• Natuurlijk moet de verbinding, lezen en schrijven van functies worden gedaan in een speciale thread.
• Sockets en Stream-objecten moeten zijn

Zoek nabijgelegen Bluetooth Low Energy-apparaten

De BluetoothLE API is geïntroduceerd in API 18. De manier van scannen van apparaten is echter veranderd in API 21. Het zoeken naar apparaten moet beginnen met het definiëren van de service-UUID die moet worden gescand (ofwel officieel goedgekeurde 16-bit UUID's ofwel propriëtaire) . Dit voorbeeld illustreert hoe u een API-onafhankelijke manier maakt om naar BLE-apparaten te zoeken:

1. Maak een Bluetooth-apparaatmodel:

public class BTDevice {
    String address;
    String name;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

2. Definieer Bluetooth-scaninterface:

public interface ScanningAdapter {

    void startScanning(String name, String[] uuids);
    void stopScanning();
    List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList();
}

3. Maak een scanfabrieksklasse:

public class BluetoothScanningFactory implements ScanningAdapter {

    private ScanningAdapter mScanningAdapter;

    public BluetoothScanningFactory() {
        if (isNewerAPI()) {
            mScanningAdapter = new LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter();
        } else {
            mScanningAdapter = new JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter();
        }
    }

    private boolean isNewerAPI() {
        return Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP;
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        mScanningAdapter.startScanning(uuids);
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        mScanningAdapter.stopScanning();
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mScanningAdapter.getFoundDeviceList();
    }
}

4. Maak fabrieksimplementatie voor elke API:

API 18:

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.util.Log;

import bluetooth.model.BTDevice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
public class JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter implements ScanningAdapter{
    BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    ScanCallback mCallback;

    List<BTDevice> mBluetoothDeviceList;

    public JellyBeanBluetoothLEScanAdapter() {
        bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mCallback = new ScanCallback();
        mBluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        if (uuids == null || uuids.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        UUID[] uuidList = createUUIDList(uuids);
        bluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(uuidList, mCallback);
    }

    private UUID[] createUUIDList(String[] uuids) {
        UUID[] uuidList = new UUID[uuids.length];
        for (int i = 0 ; i < uuids.length ; ++i) {
            String uuid = uuids[i];
            if (uuid == null) {
                continue;
            }
            uuidList[i] = UUID.fromString(uuid);
        }
        return uuidList;
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mBluetoothDeviceList;
    }

    private class ScanCallback implements BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback {

        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            if (isAlreadyAdded(device)) {
                return;
            }
            BTDevice btDevice = new BTDevice();
            btDevice.setName(new String(device.getName()));
            btDevice.setAddress(device.getAddress());
            mBluetoothDeviceList.add(btDevice);
            Log.d("Bluetooth discovery", device.getName() + " " + device.getAddress());
            Parcelable[] uuids = device.getUuids();
            String uuid = "";
            if (uuids != null) {
                for (Parcelable ep : uuids) {
                    uuid += ep + " ";
                }
                Log.d("Bluetooth discovery", device.getName() + " " + device.getAddress() + " " + uuid);
            }
        }

        private boolean isAlreadyAdded(BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice) {
            for (BTDevice device : mBluetoothDeviceList) {
                String alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress = device.getAddress();
                String newDeviceMACAddress = bluetoothDevice.getAddress();
                if (alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress.equals(newDeviceMACAddress)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

API 21:

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanFilter;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanSettings;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.ParcelUuid;

import bluetooth.model.BTDevice;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public class LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter implements ScanningAdapter {
    BluetoothLeScanner bluetoothLeScanner;
    ScanCallback mCallback;

    List<BTDevice> mBluetoothDeviceList;

    public LollipopBluetoothLEScanAdapter() {
        bluetoothLeScanner = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().getBluetoothLeScanner();
        mCallback = new ScanCallback();
        mBluetoothDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void startScanning(String[] uuids) {
        if (uuids == null || uuids.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        List<ScanFilter> filterList = createScanFilterList(uuids);
        ScanSettings scanSettings = createScanSettings();
        bluetoothLeScanner.startScan(filterList, scanSettings, mCallback);
    }

    private List<ScanFilter> createScanFilterList(String[] uuids) {
        List<ScanFilter> filterList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String uuid : uuids) {
            ScanFilter filter = new ScanFilter.Builder()
                    .setServiceUuid(ParcelUuid.fromString(uuid))
                    .build();
            filterList.add(filter);
        };
        return filterList;
    }

    private ScanSettings createScanSettings() {
        ScanSettings settings = new ScanSettings.Builder()
                .setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_BALANCED)
                .build();
        return settings;
    }

    @Override
    public void stopScanning() {
        bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(mCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public List<BTDevice> getFoundDeviceList() {
        return mBluetoothDeviceList;
    }

    public class ScanCallback extends android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback {

        @Override
        public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
            super.onScanResult(callbackType, result);
            if (result == null) {
                return;
            }
            BTDevice device = new BTDevice();
            device.setAddress(result.getDevice().getAddress());
            device.setName(new StringBuffer(result.getScanRecord().getDeviceName()).toString());
            if (device == null || device.getAddress() == null) {
                return;
            }
            if (isAlreadyAdded(device)) {
                return;
            }
            mBluetoothDeviceList.add(device);
        }

        private boolean isAlreadyAdded(BTDevice bluetoothDevice) {
            for (BTDevice device : mBluetoothDeviceList) {
                String alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress = device.getAddress();
                String newDeviceMACAddress = bluetoothDevice.getAddress();
                if (alreadyAddedDeviceMACAddress.equals(newDeviceMACAddress)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}

5. Krijg de gevonden apparatenlijst door te bellen naar:

   scanningFactory.startScanning({uuidlist});
   
   wait few seconds...
   
   List<BTDevice> bluetoothDeviceList = scanningFactory.getFoundDeviceList();