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Włączanie SecurityManager
Maszyny wirtualne Java (JVM) można uruchomić z zainstalowanym programem SecurityManager. SecurityManager określa, co może zrobić kod działający w JVM, na podstawie takich czynników, jak miejsce, w którym kod został załadowany i jakie certyfikaty zostały użyte do podpisania kodu.
SecurityManager można zainstalować, ustawiając właściwość systemową java.security.manager w wierszu komend podczas uruchamiania maszyny JVM:
java -Djava.security.manager <main class name>
lub programowo z poziomu kodu Java:
System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager())
Standardowy program Java SecurityManager przyznaje uprawnienia na podstawie zasad, które są zdefiniowane w pliku zasad. Jeśli nie określono pliku $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/java.policy zostanie użyty domyślny plik strategii w $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/java.policy .
Klasy piaskownicy ładowane przez ClassLoader
ClassLoader musi zapewnić obiekt ProtectionDomain identyfikujący źródło kodu:
public class PluginClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
private final ClassProvider provider;
private final ProtectionDomain pd;
public PluginClassLoader(ClassProvider provider) {
this.provider = provider;
Permissions permissions = new Permissions();
this.pd = new ProtectionDomain(provider.getCodeSource(), permissions, this, null);
}
@Override
protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
byte[] classDef = provider.getClass(name);
Class<?> clazz = defineClass(name, classDef, 0, classDef.length, pd);
return clazz;
}
}
Przez findClass zamiast loadClass model delegowania zostaje zachowany, a PluginClassLoader najpierw wysyła zapytanie do systemu i nadrzędnego programu ładującego klasy w celu uzyskania definicji klas.
Utwórz politykę:
public class PluginSecurityPolicy extends Policy {
private final Permissions appPermissions = new Permissions();
private final Permissions pluginPermissions = new Permissions();
public PluginSecurityPolicy() {
// amend this as appropriate
appPermissions.add(new AllPermission());
// add any permissions plugins should have to pluginPermissions
}
@Override
public Provider getProvider() {
return super.getProvider();
}
@Override
public String getType() {
return super.getType();
}
@Override
public Parameters getParameters() {
return super.getParameters();
}
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
return new Permissions();
}
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
return isPlugin(domain)?pluginPermissions:appPermissions;
}
private boolean isPlugin(ProtectionDomain pd){
return pd.getClassLoader() instanceof PluginClassLoader;
}
}
Na koniec ustaw strategię i SecurityManager (domyślna implementacja jest w porządku):
Policy.setPolicy(new PluginSecurityPolicy());
System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
Wdrażanie zasad odmawia reguł
Czasami pożądane jest odmawianie określonego Permission do niektórych obiektów ProtectionDomain , niezależnie od jakichkolwiek innych uprawnień naliczanych przez domenę. Ten przykład pokazuje tylko jedno z możliwych podejść do spełnienia tego rodzaju wymagań. Wprowadza „negatywną” klasę uprawnień wraz z opakowaniem, które umożliwia ponowne użycie domyślnej Policy jako repozytorium takich uprawnień.
Uwagi:
- Standardowa składnia pliku strategii i mechanizm przypisywania uprawnień pozostają niezmienione. Oznacza to, że reguły odmowy w plikach zasad są nadal wyrażane jako dotacje .
- Polityka wrapper jest przeznaczona specjalnie do hermetyzacji domyślny plik oparciem
Policy(założono byćcom.sun.security.provider.PolicyFile). - Odmowy uprawnień są przetwarzane jako takie tylko na poziomie zasad. Jeśli statycznie przypisane do domeny, będą domyślnie traktowane przez tę domenę jako zwykłe „pozytywne” uprawnienia.
Klasa DeniedPermission
package com.example;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.security.BasicPermission;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
/**
* A representation of a "negative" privilege.
* <p>
* A <code>DeniedPermission</code>, when "granted" (to some <code>ProtectionDomain</code> and/or
* <code>Principal</code>), represents a privilege which <em>cannot</em> be exercised, regardless of
* any positive permissions (<code>AllPermission</code> included) possessed. In other words, if a
* set of granted permissions, <em>P</em>, contains a permission of this class, <em>D</em>, then the
* set of effectively granted permissions is<br/>
* <br/>
* <em>{ P<sub>implied</sub> - D<sub>implied</sub> }</em>.
* </p>
* <p>
* Each instance of this class encapsulates a <em>target permission</em>, representing the
* "positive" permission being denied.
* </p>
* Denied permissions employ the following naming scheme:<br/>
* <br/>
* <em><target_class_name>:<target_name>(:<target_actions>)</em><br/>
* <br/>
* where:
* <ul>
* <li><em>target_class_name</em> is the name of the target permission's class,</li>
* <li><em>target_name</em> is the name of the target permission, and</li>
* <li><em>target_actions</em> is, optionally, the actions string of the target permission.</li>
* </ul>
* A denied permission, having a target permission <em>t</em>, is said to <em>imply</em> another
* permission <em>p</em>, if:
* <ul>
* <li>p <em>is not</em> itself a denied permission, and <code>(t.implies(p) == true)</code>,
* or</li>
* <li>p <em>is</em> a denied permission, with a target <em>t1</em>, and
* <code>(t.implies(t1) == true)</code>.
* </ul>
* <p>
* It is the responsibility of the policy decision point (e.g., the <code>Policy</code> provider) to
* take denied permission semantics into account when issuing authorization statements.
* </p>
*/
public final class DeniedPermission extends BasicPermission {
private final Permission target;
private static final long serialVersionUID = 473625163869800679L;
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the
* indicated class, specified name and, optionally, actions.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if:
* <ul>
* <li><code>targetClassName</code> is <code>null</code>, the empty string, does not
* refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
* <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
* <li><code>targetName</code> is <code>null</code>.</li>
* <li><code>targetClassName</code> cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
* e.g., because <code>targetName</code> and/or <code>targetActions</code> do not adhere
* to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class not
* exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or <code>(String name, String actions)</code>
* constructor, depending on whether <code>targetActions</code> is <code>null</code> or
* not.</li>
* </ul>
*/
public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(String targetClassName, String targetName,
String targetActions) {
if (targetClassName == null || targetClassName.trim().isEmpty() || targetName == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Null or empty [targetClassName], or null [targetName] argument was supplied.");
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(targetClassName).append(":").append(targetName);
if (targetName != null) {
sb.append(":").append(targetName);
}
return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString());
}
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the class,
* name and, optionally, actions, collectively provided as the <code>name</code> argument.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if:
* <ul>
* <li><code>name</code>'s target permission class name component is empty, does not
* refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
* <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
* <li><code>name</code>'s target name component is <code>empty</code></li>
* <li>the target permission class cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
* e.g., because <code>name</code>'s target name and/or target actions component(s) do
* not adhere to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class
* not exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or
* <code>(String name, String actions)</code> constructor, depending on whether the
* target actions component is empty or not.</li>
* </ul>
*/
public DeniedPermission(String name) {
super(name);
String[] comps = name.split(":");
if (comps.length < 2) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format("Malformed name [{0}] argument.", name));
}
this.target = initTarget(comps[0], comps[1], ((comps.length < 3) ? null : comps[2]));
}
/**
* Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates the given target permission.
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException
* if <code>target</code> is <code>null</code>, a <code>DeniedPermission</code>, or an
* <code>UnresolvedPermission</code>.
*/
public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(Permission target) {
if (target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null [target] argument.");
}
if (target instanceof DeniedPermission || target instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("[target] must not be a DeniedPermission or an UnresolvedPermission.");
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(target.getClass().getName()).append(":").append(target.getName());
String targetActions = target.getActions();
if (targetActions != null) {
sb.append(":").append(targetActions);
}
return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString(), target);
}
private DeniedPermission(String name, Permission target) {
super(name);
this.target = target;
}
private Permission initTarget(String targetClassName, String targetName, String targetActions) {
Class<?> targetClass;
try {
targetClass = Class.forName(targetClassName);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
if (targetClassName.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetClassName = "<empty>";
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
MessageFormat.format("Target Permission class [{0}] not found.", targetClassName));
}
if (!Permission.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) || Modifier.isAbstract(targetClass.getModifiers())) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat
.format("Target Permission class [{0}] is not a (concrete) Permission.", targetClassName));
}
if (targetClass == DeniedPermission.class || targetClass == UnresolvedPermission.class) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target Permission class cannot be a DeniedPermission itself.");
}
Constructor<?> targetCtor;
try {
if (targetActions == null) {
targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class);
}
else {
targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class, String.class);
}
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
"Target Permission class [{0}] does not provide or expose a (String name) or (String name, String actions) constructor.",
targetClassName));
}
try {
return (Permission) targetCtor
.newInstance(((targetCtor.getParameterCount() == 1) ? new Object[] { targetName }
: new Object[] { targetName, targetActions }));
}
catch (ReflectiveOperationException roe) {
if (roe instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
if (targetName == null) {
targetName = "<null>";
}
else if (targetName.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetName = "<empty>";
}
if (targetActions == null) {
targetActions = "<null>";
}
else if (targetActions.trim().isEmpty()) {
targetActions = "<empty>";
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
"Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}]; provided target name [{1}] and/or target actions [{2}] potentially erroneous.",
targetClassName, targetName, targetActions), roe);
}
throw new RuntimeException(
"Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}]; an unforeseen error occurred - see attached cause for details",
roe);
}
}
/**
* Checks whether the given permission is implied by this one, as per the {@link DeniedPermission
* overview}.
*/
@Override
public boolean implies(Permission p) {
if (p instanceof DeniedPermission) {
return target.implies(((DeniedPermission) p).target);
}
return target.implies(p);
}
/**
* Returns this denied permission's target permission (the actual positive permission which is not
* to be granted).
*/
public Permission getTargetPermission() {
return target;
}
}
Klasa DenyingPolicy
package com.example;
import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.PermissionCollection;
import java.security.Policy;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.util.Enumeration;
/**
* Wrapper that adds rudimentary {@link DeniedPermission} processing capabilities to the standard
* file-backed <code>Policy</code>.
*/
public final class DenyingPolicy extends Policy {
{
try {
defaultPolicy = Policy.getInstance("javaPolicy", null);
}
catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
throw new RuntimeException("Could not acquire default Policy.", nsae);
}
}
private final Policy defaultPolicy;
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(codesource);
}
@Override
public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain);
}
/**
* @return
* <ul>
* <li><code>true</code> if:</li>
* <ul>
* <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> an instance of
* <code>DeniedPermission</code>,</li>
* <li>an <code>implies(domain, permission)</code> invocation on the system-default
* <code>Policy</code> yields <code>true</code>, and</li>
* <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> implied by any <code>DeniedPermission</code>s
* having potentially been assigned to <code>domain</code>.</li>
* </ul>
* <li><code>false</code>, otherwise.
* </ul>
*/
@Override
public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) {
if (permission instanceof DeniedPermission) {
/*
* At the policy decision level, DeniedPermissions can only themselves imply, not be implied (as
* they take away, rather than grant, privileges). Furthermore, clients aren't supposed to use this
* method for checking whether some domain _does not_ have a permission (which is what
* DeniedPermissions express after all).
*/
return false;
}
if (!defaultPolicy.implies(domain, permission)) {
// permission not granted, so no need to check whether denied
return false;
}
/*
* Permission granted--now check whether there's an overriding DeniedPermission. The following
* assumes that previousPolicy is a sun.security.provider.PolicyFile (different implementations
* might not support #getPermissions(ProtectionDomain) and/or handle UnresolvedPermissions
* differently).
*/
Enumeration<Permission> perms = defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain).elements();
while (perms.hasMoreElements()) {
Permission p = perms.nextElement();
/*
* DeniedPermissions will generally remain unresolved, as no code is expected to check whether other
* code has been "granted" such a permission.
*/
if (p instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
UnresolvedPermission up = (UnresolvedPermission) p;
if (up.getUnresolvedType().equals(DeniedPermission.class.getName())) {
// force resolution
defaultPolicy.implies(domain, up);
// evaluate right away, to avoid reiterating over the collection
p = new DeniedPermission(up.getUnresolvedName());
}
}
if (p instanceof DeniedPermission && p.implies(permission)) {
// permission denied
return false;
}
}
// permission granted
return true;
}
@Override
public void refresh() {
defaultPolicy.refresh();
}
}
Próbny
package com.example;
import java.security.Policy;
public class Main {
public static void main(String... args) {
Policy.setPolicy(new DenyingPolicy());
System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
// should fail
System.getProperty("foo.bar");
}
}
Przypisz niektóre uprawnienia:
grant codeBase "file:///path/to/classes/bin/-"
permission java.util.PropertyPermission "*", "read,write";
permission com.example.DeniedPermission "java.util.PropertyPermission:foo.bar:read";
};
Na koniec uruchom Main i zobacz, jak się nie udaje, ponieważ reguła „odmowa” ( DeniedPermission ) przesłania grant (jej PropertyPermission ). Zauważ, że wywołanie setProperty("foo.baz", "xyz") powiodłoby się zamiast tego, ponieważ odmowa zezwolenia obejmuje tylko akcję „czytaj” i tylko dla właściwości „foo.bar”.
Modified text is an extract of the original Stack Overflow Documentation
Licencjonowany na podstawie CC BY-SA 3.0
Nie związany z Stack Overflow