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Activation du SecurityManager

Les machines virtuelles Java (JVM) peuvent être exécutées avec un SecurityManager installé. SecurityManager gouverne ce que le code exécuté dans la JVM est autorisé à faire, en fonction de facteurs tels que l’endroit où le code a été chargé et les certificats utilisés pour signer le code.

SecurityManager peut être installé en définissant la propriété système java.security.manager sur la ligne de commande lors du démarrage de la machine virtuelle Java:

java -Djava.security.manager <main class name>

ou par programme depuis le code Java:

System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager())

Java SecurityManager standard accorde des autorisations sur la base d'une stratégie, qui est définie dans un fichier de stratégie. Si aucun fichier de stratégie n'est spécifié, le fichier de stratégie par défaut sous $JAVA_HOME/lib/security/java.policy sera utilisé.

Classes de bac à sable chargées par un ClassLoader

ClassLoader doit fournir un ProtectionDomain identifiant la source du code:

public class PluginClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    private final ClassProvider provider;

    private final ProtectionDomain pd;


    public PluginClassLoader(ClassProvider provider) {
        this.provider = provider;
        Permissions permissions = new Permissions();
        
        this.pd = new ProtectionDomain(provider.getCodeSource(), permissions, this, null);
    }


    @Override
    protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        byte[] classDef = provider.getClass(name);
        Class<?> clazz = defineClass(name, classDef, 0, classDef.length, pd);
        return clazz;
    }
}

En findClass lieu de loadClass le modèle de délégation est préservé et PluginClassLoader interroge d'abord le système et le classloader parent pour les définitions de classe.

Créer une politique:

public class PluginSecurityPolicy extends Policy {
    private final Permissions appPermissions = new Permissions();
    private final Permissions pluginPermissions = new Permissions();

    public PluginSecurityPolicy() {
        // amend this as appropriate
        appPermissions.add(new AllPermission());
        // add any permissions plugins should have to pluginPermissions
    }

    @Override
    public Provider getProvider() {
        return super.getProvider();
    }

    @Override
    public String getType() {
        return super.getType();
    }

    @Override
    public Parameters getParameters() {
        return super.getParameters();
    }

    @Override
    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
        return new Permissions();
    }

    @Override
    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
        return isPlugin(domain)?pluginPermissions:appPermissions;
    }

    private boolean isPlugin(ProtectionDomain pd){
        return pd.getClassLoader() instanceof PluginClassLoader;
    }

}

Enfin, définissez la stratégie et un SecurityManager (l'implémentation par défaut est correcte):

    Policy.setPolicy(new PluginSecurityPolicy());
    System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());

Implémentation de règles de refus de politique

Il est parfois souhaitable de refuser une certaine Permission à certains ProtectionDomain , quelles que soient les autres autorisations dont le domaine dispose. Cet exemple illustre l'une des approches possibles pour satisfaire ce type d'exigence. Il introduit une classe d'autorisation "négative", ainsi qu'un wrapper qui permet de réutiliser la Policy par défaut en tant que référentiel de ces autorisations.

Remarques:

  • La syntaxe du fichier de stratégie standard et le mécanisme d'attribution des autorisations en général restent inchangés. Cela signifie que les règles de refus dans les fichiers de stratégie sont toujours exprimées sous forme d' attributions .
  • L'encapsuleur de stratégie est conçu pour encapsuler spécifiquement la Policy par défaut sauvegardée par fichier (supposée être com.sun.security.provider.PolicyFile ).
  • Les autorisations refusées ne sont traitées qu'en tant que telles au niveau de la stratégie. Si elles sont assignées statiquement à un domaine, elles seront par défaut traitées par ce domaine comme des autorisations "positives" ordinaires.

La classe DeniedPermission

package com.example;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.security.BasicPermission;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.text.MessageFormat;

/**
 * A representation of a "negative" privilege.
 * <p>
 * A <code>DeniedPermission</code>, when "granted" (to some <code>ProtectionDomain</code> and/or
 * <code>Principal</code>), represents a privilege which <em>cannot</em> be exercised, regardless of
 * any positive permissions (<code>AllPermission</code> included) possessed. In other words, if a
 * set of granted permissions, <em>P</em>, contains a permission of this class, <em>D</em>, then the
 * set of effectively granted permissions is<br/>
 * <br/>
 * &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>{ P<sub>implied</sub> - D<sub>implied</sub> }</em>.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Each instance of this class encapsulates a <em>target permission</em>, representing the
 * "positive" permission being denied.
 * </p>
 * Denied permissions employ the following naming scheme:<br/>
 * <br/>
 * &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<em>&lt;target_class_name&gt;:&lt;target_name&gt;(:&lt;target_actions&gt;)</em><br/>
 * <br/>
 * where:
 * <ul>
 * <li><em>target_class_name</em> is the name of the target permission's class,</li>
 * <li><em>target_name</em> is the name of the target permission, and</li>
 * <li><em>target_actions</em> is, optionally, the actions string of the target permission.</li>
 * </ul>
 * A denied permission, having a target permission <em>t</em>, is said to <em>imply</em> another
 * permission <em>p</em>, if:
 * <ul>
 * <li>p <em>is not</em> itself a denied permission, and <code>(t.implies(p) == true)</code>,
 * or</li>
 * <li>p <em>is</em> a denied permission, with a target <em>t1</em>, and
 * <code>(t.implies(t1) == true)</code>.
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * It is the responsibility of the policy decision point (e.g., the <code>Policy</code> provider) to
 * take denied permission semantics into account when issuing authorization statements.
 * </p>
 */
public final class DeniedPermission extends BasicPermission {

    private final Permission target;
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 473625163869800679L;

    /**
     * Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the
     * indicated class, specified name and, optionally, actions.
     * 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if:
     *             <ul>
     *             <li><code>targetClassName</code> is <code>null</code>, the empty string, does not
     *             refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
     *             <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
     *             <li><code>targetName</code> is <code>null</code>.</li>
     *             <li><code>targetClassName</code> cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
     *             e.g., because <code>targetName</code> and/or <code>targetActions</code> do not adhere
     *             to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class not
     *             exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or <code>(String name, String actions)</code>
     *             constructor, depending on whether <code>targetActions</code> is <code>null</code> or
     *             not.</li>
     *             </ul>
     */
    public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(String targetClassName, String targetName,
            String targetActions) {
        if (targetClassName == null || targetClassName.trim().isEmpty() || targetName == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Null or empty [targetClassName], or null [targetName] argument was supplied.");
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(targetClassName).append(":").append(targetName);
        if (targetName != null) {
            sb.append(":").append(targetName);
        }
        return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString());
    }

    /**
     * Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates a target permission of the class,
     * name and, optionally, actions, collectively provided as the <code>name</code> argument.
     * 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if:
     *             <ul>
     *             <li><code>name</code>'s target permission class name component is empty, does not
     *             refer to a concrete <code>Permission</code> descendant, or refers to
     *             <code>DeniedPermission.class</code> or <code>UnresolvedPermission.class</code>.</li>
     *             <li><code>name</code>'s target name component is <code>empty</code></li>
     *             <li>the target permission class cannot be instantiated, and it's the caller's fault;
     *             e.g., because <code>name</code>'s target name and/or target actions component(s) do
     *             not adhere to the naming constraints of the target class; or due to the target class
     *             not exposing a <code>(String name)</code>, or
     *             <code>(String name, String actions)</code> constructor, depending on whether the
     *             target actions component is empty or not.</li>
     *             </ul>
     */
    public DeniedPermission(String name) {
        super(name);
        String[] comps = name.split(":");
        if (comps.length < 2) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format("Malformed name [{0}] argument.", name));
        }
        this.target = initTarget(comps[0], comps[1], ((comps.length < 3) ? null : comps[2]));
    }

    /**
     * Instantiates a <code>DeniedPermission</code> that encapsulates the given target permission.
     * 
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if <code>target</code> is <code>null</code>, a <code>DeniedPermission</code>, or an
     *             <code>UnresolvedPermission</code>.
     */
    public static DeniedPermission newDeniedPermission(Permission target) {
        if (target == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null [target] argument.");
        }
        if (target instanceof DeniedPermission || target instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("[target] must not be a DeniedPermission or an UnresolvedPermission.");
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(target.getClass().getName()).append(":").append(target.getName());
        String targetActions = target.getActions();
        if (targetActions != null) {
            sb.append(":").append(targetActions);
        }
        return new DeniedPermission(sb.toString(), target);
    }

    private DeniedPermission(String name, Permission target) {
        super(name);
        this.target = target;
    }

    private Permission initTarget(String targetClassName, String targetName, String targetActions) {
        Class<?> targetClass;
        try {
            targetClass = Class.forName(targetClassName);
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
            if (targetClassName.trim().isEmpty()) {
                targetClassName = "<empty>";
            }
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    MessageFormat.format("Target Permission class [{0}] not found.", targetClassName));
        }
        if (!Permission.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) || Modifier.isAbstract(targetClass.getModifiers())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat
                    .format("Target Permission class [{0}] is not a (concrete) Permission.", targetClassName));
        }
        if (targetClass == DeniedPermission.class || targetClass == UnresolvedPermission.class) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Target Permission class cannot be a DeniedPermission itself.");
        }
        Constructor<?> targetCtor;
        try {
            if (targetActions == null) {
                targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class);
            }
            else {
                targetCtor = targetClass.getConstructor(String.class, String.class);
            }
        }
        catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
                    "Target Permission class [{0}] does not provide or expose a (String name) or (String name, String actions) constructor.",
                    targetClassName));
        }
        try {
            return (Permission) targetCtor
                    .newInstance(((targetCtor.getParameterCount() == 1) ? new Object[] { targetName }
                            : new Object[] { targetName, targetActions }));
        }
        catch (ReflectiveOperationException roe) {
            if (roe instanceof InvocationTargetException) {
                if (targetName == null) {
                    targetName = "<null>";
                }
                else if (targetName.trim().isEmpty()) {
                    targetName = "<empty>";
                }
                if (targetActions == null) {
                    targetActions = "<null>";
                }
                else if (targetActions.trim().isEmpty()) {
                    targetActions = "<empty>";
                }
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(MessageFormat.format(
                        "Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}]; provided target name [{1}] and/or target actions [{2}] potentially erroneous.",
                        targetClassName, targetName, targetActions), roe);
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(
                    "Could not instantiate target Permission class [{0}]; an unforeseen error occurred - see attached cause for details",
                    roe);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether the given permission is implied by this one, as per the {@link DeniedPermission
     * overview}.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean implies(Permission p) {
        if (p instanceof DeniedPermission) {
            return target.implies(((DeniedPermission) p).target);
        }
        return target.implies(p);
    }

    /**
     * Returns this denied permission's target permission (the actual positive permission which is not
     * to be granted).
     */
    public Permission getTargetPermission() {
        return target;
    }

}

La classe DenyingPolicy

package com.example;

import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Permission;
import java.security.PermissionCollection;
import java.security.Policy;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.security.UnresolvedPermission;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * Wrapper that adds rudimentary {@link DeniedPermission} processing capabilities to the standard
 * file-backed <code>Policy</code>.
 */
public final class DenyingPolicy extends Policy {

    {
        try {
            defaultPolicy = Policy.getInstance("javaPolicy", null);
        }
        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException nsae) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Could not acquire default Policy.", nsae);
        }
    }

    private final Policy defaultPolicy;

    @Override
    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(CodeSource codesource) {
        return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(codesource);
    }

    @Override
    public PermissionCollection getPermissions(ProtectionDomain domain) {
        return defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain);
    }

    /**
     * @return
     *         <ul>
     *         <li><code>true</code> if:</li>
     *         <ul>
     *         <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> an instance of
     *         <code>DeniedPermission</code>,</li>
     *         <li>an <code>implies(domain, permission)</code> invocation on the system-default
     *         <code>Policy</code> yields <code>true</code>, and</li>
     *         <li><code>permission</code> <em>is not</em> implied by any <code>DeniedPermission</code>s
     *         having potentially been assigned to <code>domain</code>.</li>
     *         </ul>
     *         <li><code>false</code>, otherwise.
     *         </ul>
     */
    @Override
    public boolean implies(ProtectionDomain domain, Permission permission) {
        if (permission instanceof DeniedPermission) {
            /*
             * At the policy decision level, DeniedPermissions can only themselves imply, not be implied (as
             * they take away, rather than grant, privileges). Furthermore, clients aren't supposed to use this
             * method for checking whether some domain _does not_ have a permission (which is what
             * DeniedPermissions express after all).
             */
            return false;
        }

        if (!defaultPolicy.implies(domain, permission)) {
            // permission not granted, so no need to check whether denied
            return false;
        }

        /*
         * Permission granted--now check whether there's an overriding DeniedPermission. The following
         * assumes that previousPolicy is a sun.security.provider.PolicyFile (different implementations
         * might not support #getPermissions(ProtectionDomain) and/or handle UnresolvedPermissions
         * differently).
         */

        Enumeration<Permission> perms = defaultPolicy.getPermissions(domain).elements();
        while (perms.hasMoreElements()) {
            Permission p = perms.nextElement();
            /*
             * DeniedPermissions will generally remain unresolved, as no code is expected to check whether other
             * code has been "granted" such a permission.
             */
            if (p instanceof UnresolvedPermission) {
                UnresolvedPermission up = (UnresolvedPermission) p;
                if (up.getUnresolvedType().equals(DeniedPermission.class.getName())) {
                    // force resolution
                    defaultPolicy.implies(domain, up);
                    // evaluate right away, to avoid reiterating over the collection
                    p = new DeniedPermission(up.getUnresolvedName());
                }
            }
            if (p instanceof DeniedPermission && p.implies(permission)) {
                // permission denied
                return false;
            }
        }
        // permission granted
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void refresh() {
        defaultPolicy.refresh();
    }

}

Démo

package com.example;

import java.security.Policy;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String... args) {
        Policy.setPolicy(new DenyingPolicy());
        System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
        // should fail
        System.getProperty("foo.bar");
    }

}

Attribuez des autorisations:

grant codeBase "file:///path/to/classes/bin/-"
    permission java.util.PropertyPermission "*", "read,write";
    permission com.example.DeniedPermission "java.util.PropertyPermission:foo.bar:read";
};

Enfin, exécutez le Main et regardez-le échouer, en raison de la règle "deny" (la DeniedPermission ) qui DeniedPermission le grant (son PropertyPermission ). Notez qu'un setProperty("foo.baz", "xyz") aurait plutôt réussi, car l'autorisation refusée ne couvre que l'action "read", et uniquement pour la propriété "foo.bar".



Modified text is an extract of the original Stack Overflow Documentation
Sous licence CC BY-SA 3.0
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