Swift Language
NSRegularExpression en Swift

Observaciones

   *?+[(){}^$|\./

Extendiendo String para hacer patrones simples

extension String {
    func matchesPattern(pattern: String) -> Bool {
        do {
            let regex = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern,
                                                options: NSRegularExpressionOptions(rawValue: 0))
            let range: NSRange = NSMakeRange(0, self.characters.count)
            let matches = regex.matchesInString(self, options: NSMatchingOptions(), range: range)
            return matches.count > 0
        } catch _ {
            return false
        }
    }
}

// very basic examples - check for specific strings
dump("Pinkman".matchesPattern("(White|Pinkman|Goodman|Schrader|Fring)"))

// using character groups to check for similar-sounding impressionist painters
dump("Monet".matchesPattern("(M[oa]net)"))
dump("Manet".matchesPattern("(M[oa]net)"))
dump("Money".matchesPattern("(M[oa]net)"))     // false

// check surname is in list
dump("Skyler White".matchesPattern("\\w+ (White|Pinkman|Goodman|Schrader|Fring)"))

// check if string looks like a UK stock ticker
dump("VOD.L".matchesPattern("[A-Z]{2,3}\\.L"))
dump("BP.L".matchesPattern("[A-Z]{2,3}\\.L"))

// check entire string is printable ASCII characters
dump("tab\tformatted text".matchesPattern("^[\u{0020}-\u{007e}]*$"))

// Unicode example: check if string contains a playing card suit
dump("♠︎".matchesPattern("[\u{2660}-\u{2667}]"))
dump("♡".matchesPattern("[\u{2660}-\u{2667}]"))
dump("😂".matchesPattern("[\u{2660}-\u{2667}]"))    // false

// NOTE: regex needs Unicode-escaped characters
dump("♣︎".matchesPattern("♣︎"))           // does NOT work

A continuación se muestra otro ejemplo que se basa en lo anterior para hacer algo útil, que no se puede hacer fácilmente con ningún otro método y se presta bien a una solución de expresiones regulares.

// Pattern validation for a UK postcode.
// This simply checks that the format looks like a valid UK postcode and should not fail on false positives.
private func isPostcodeValid(postcode: String) -> Bool {
    return postcode.matchesPattern("^[A-Z]{1,2}([0-9][A-Z]|[0-9]{1,2})\\s[0-9][A-Z]{2}")
}

// valid patterns (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom#Validation)
// will return true
dump(isPostcodeValid("EC1A 1BB"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("W1A 0AX"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("M1 1AE"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("B33 8TH"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("CR2 6XH"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("DN55 1PT"))

// some invalid patterns
// will return false
dump(isPostcodeValid("EC12A 1BB"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("CRB1 6XH"))
dump(isPostcodeValid("CR 6XH"))

Uso básico

Hay varias consideraciones al implementar expresiones regulares en Swift.

let letters = "abcdefg"
let pattern = "[a,b,c]"
let regEx = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: [])
let nsString = letters as NSString
let matches = regEx.matches(in: letters, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
let output = matches.map {nsString.substring(with: $0.range)}
//output = ["a", "b", "c"]

Para obtener una longitud de rango precisa que admita todos los tipos de caracteres, la cadena de entrada debe convertirse en una NSString.

Para la coincidencia de seguridad con un patrón se debe incluir un bloque de captura para manejar el fallo

let numbers = "121314"
let pattern = "1[2,3]"
do {
    let regEx = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: [])
    let nsString = numbers as NSString
    let matches = regEx.matches(in: numbers, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
    let output = matches.map {nsString.substring(with: $0.range)}
    output
} catch let error as NSError {
    print("Matching failed")
}
//output = ["12", "13"]

La funcionalidad de expresiones regulares a menudo se coloca en una extensión o ayudante para separar las preocupaciones.

Sustitución de subcadenas

Los patrones se pueden usar para reemplazar parte de una cadena de entrada.

El siguiente ejemplo reemplaza el símbolo de ciento con el símbolo de dólar.

var money = "¢¥€£$¥€£¢"
let pattern = "¢"
do {
    let regEx = try NSRegularExpression (pattern: pattern, options: [])
    let nsString = money as NSString
    let range = NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length)
    let correct$ = regEx.stringByReplacingMatches(in: money, options: .withTransparentBounds, range: range, withTemplate: "$")
} catch let error as NSError {
    print("Matching failed")
}
//correct$ = "$¥€£$¥€£$"

Caracteres especiales

Para hacer coincidir los caracteres especiales, se debe usar la doble barra invertida \. becomes \\.

Los personajes de los que tendrás que escapar incluyen

(){}[]/\+*$>.|^?

El siguiente ejemplo obtiene tres tipos de soportes de apertura

let specials = "(){}[]"
let pattern = "(\\(|\\{|\\[)"
do {
    let regEx = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: pattern, options: [])
    let nsString = specials as NSString
    let matches = regEx.matches(in: specials, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
    let output = matches.map {nsString.substring(with: $0.range)}
} catch let error as NSError {
    print("Matching failed")
}
//output = ["(", "{", "["]

Validación

Las expresiones regulares se pueden usar para validar entradas al contar el número de coincidencias.

var validDate = false

let numbers = "35/12/2016"
let usPattern =  "^(0[1-9]|1[012])[-/.](0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[-/.](19|20)\\d\\d$"
let ukPattern = "^(0[1-9]|[12][0-9]|3[01])[-/](0[1-9]|1[012])[-/](19|20)\\d\\d$"
do {
    let regEx = try NSRegularExpression(pattern: ukPattern, options: [])
    let nsString = numbers as NSString
    let matches = regEx.matches(in: numbers, options: [], range: NSMakeRange(0, nsString.length))
    
    if matches.count > 0 {
        validDate = true
    }
    
    validDate
    
} catch let error as NSError {
    print("Matching failed")
}
//output = false

NSRegularExpression para validación de correo

func isValidEmail(email: String) -> Bool {

    let emailRegEx = "[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}"
    
    let emailTest = NSPredicate(format:"SELF MATCHES %@", emailRegEx)
    return emailTest.evaluate(with: email)
}

o podrías usar la extensión de cadena como esta:

extension String
{
    func isValidEmail() -> Bool {

        let emailRegEx = "[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}"
        
        let emailTest = NSPredicate(format:"SELF MATCHES %@", emailRegEx)
        return emailTest.evaluate(with: self)
    }
}