C++
Atomtyper

Syntax

• std :: atom <T>
• std :: atomic_flag

Anmärkningar

Flertrådad åtkomst

En atomtyp kan användas för att säkert läsa och skriva till en minnesplats som delas mellan två trådar.

Ett dåligt exempel som sannolikt kommer att orsaka ett datarace:

#include <thread>
#include <iostream>


//function will add all values including and between 'a' and 'b' to 'result'
void add(int a, int b, int * result) {
    for (int i = a; i <= b; i++) {
        *result += i;
    }
}

int main() {
    //a primitive data type has no thread safety
    int shared = 0;

    //create a thread that may run parallel to the 'main' thread
    //the thread will run the function 'add' defined above with paramters a = 1, b = 100, result = &shared
    //analogous to 'add(1,100, &shared);'
    std::thread addingThread(add, 1, 100, &shared);

    //attempt to print the value of 'shared' to console
    //main will keep repeating this until the addingThread becomes joinable
    while (!addingThread.joinable()) {
        //this may cause undefined behavior or print a corrupted value
        //if the addingThread tries to write to 'shared' while the main thread is reading it
        std::cout << shared << std::endl;  
    }


    //rejoin the thread at the end of execution for cleaning purposes
    addingThread.join();
    
    return 0;
}

Exemplet ovan kan orsaka en skadad avläsning och kan leda till odefinierat beteende.

Ett exempel med gängesäkerhet:

#include <atomic>
#include <thread>
#include <iostream>


    //function will add all values including and between 'a' and 'b' to 'result'
void add(int a, int b, std::atomic<int> * result) {
    for (int i = a; i <= b; i++) {
        //atomically add 'i' to result
        result->fetch_add(i);
    }
}

int main() {
    //atomic template used to store non-atomic objects
    std::atomic<int> shared = 0;

    //create a thread that may run parallel to the 'main' thread
    //the thread will run the function 'add' defined above with paramters a = 1, b = 100, result = &shared
    //analogous to 'add(1,100, &shared);'
    std::thread addingThread(add, 1, 10000, &shared);

    //print the value of 'shared' to console
    //main will keep repeating this until the addingThread becomes joinable
    while (!addingThread.joinable()) {
        //safe way to read the value of shared atomically for thread safe read
        std::cout << shared.load() << std::endl;  
    }


    //rejoin the thread at the end of execution for cleaning purposes
    addingThread.join();
    
    return 0;
}

Ovanstående exempel är säkert eftersom alla store() och load() operationer av atomic skyddar det inkapslade int från samtidigt åtkomst.