arduino
MIDI-communicatie

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MIDI THRU Voorbeeld

De MIDI Thru is eenvoudig en gemakkelijk te testen. Als u goed werkt, kunt u uw Arduino-project tussen twee MIDI-apparaten, MIDI IN naar MIDI OUT, installeren en kunt u controleren of de twee apparaten samen werken. Als u de latentie kunt meten, ziet u een toename als gevolg van het vastleggen van seriële buffers en het opnieuw verzenden van instructies.

// This is a simple MIDI THRU.  Everything in, goes right out.
// This has been validate on an Arduino UNO and a Olimex MIDI Shield  

boolean byteReady; 
unsigned char midiByte;

void setup() {
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
    byteReady = false;
    midiByte = 0;  
}

// The Loop that always gets called...
void loop() {
   if (byteReady) {
        byteReady = false;
        Serial.write(midiByte);
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    midiByte = (unsigned char)Serial.read();
    byteReady = true;
  }
}

MIDI Thru met wachtrij

// This is a more complex MIDI THRU.  This version uses a queue.  Queues are important because some
// MIDI messages can be interrupted for real time events.  If you are generating your own messages,
// you may need to stop your message to let a "real time" message through and then resume your message.


#define QUEUE_DEPTH 128

// Queue Logic for storing messages
int headQ = 0;
int tailQ = 0;
unsigned char tx_queue[QUEUE_DEPTH];

void setup() {
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
}

// getQDepth checks for roll over.  Folks have told me this 
// is not required.  Feel free to experiment.
int getQDepth() {
int depth = 0;
    if (headQ < tailQ) {
        depth = QUEUE_DEPTH - (tailQ - headQ);
    } else {
        depth = headQ - tailQ;
    }
    return depth;
}

void addQueue (unsigned char myByte) {
    int depth = 0;
    depth = getQDepth();

    if (depth < (QUEUE_DEPTH-2)) {
        tx_queue[headQ] = myByte;
        headQ++;
        headQ = headQ % QUEUE_DEPTH; // Always keep the headQ limited between 0 and 127
    }
}

unsigned char deQueue() {
    unsigned char myByte;
    myByte = tx_queue[tailQ];
    tailQ++;
    tailQ = tailQ % QUEUE_DEPTH;  // Keep this tailQ contained within a limit
    // Now that we dequeed the byte, it must be sent. 
    return myByte;
}

void loop() {
   if (getQDepth>0) {
        Serial.write(deQueue());
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    addQueue((unsigned char)Serial.read());;
  }
}

MIDI Clock Generation

// This is a MiDI clk generator.  This takes a #defined BPM and 
// makes the appropriate clk rate.  The queue is used to let other messages 
// through, but allows a clock to go immediately to reduce clock jitter

#define QUEUE_DEPTH 128
#define BPM 121
#define MIDI_SYSRT_CLK 0xF8

// clock tracking and calculation
unsigned long lastClock;
unsigned long captClock;
unsigned long clk_period_us;

// Queue Logic for storing messages
int headQ = 0;
int tailQ = 0;
unsigned char tx_queue[QUEUE_DEPTH];

void setup() {
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
    clk_period_us = 60000000 / (24 * BPM);
    lastClock = micros();
}

// getQDepth checks for roll over.  Folks have told me this 
// is not required.  Feel free to experiment.
int getQDepth() {
int depth = 0;
    if (headQ < tailQ) {
        depth = QUEUE_DEPTH - (tailQ - headQ);
    } else {
        depth = headQ - tailQ;
    }
    return depth;
}

void addQueue (unsigned char myByte) {
    int depth = 0;
    depth = getQDepth();

    if (depth < (QUEUE_DEPTH-2)) {
        tx_queue[headQ] = myByte;
        headQ++;
        headQ = headQ % QUEUE_DEPTH; // Always keep the headQ limited between 0 and 127
    }
}

unsigned char deQueue() {
    unsigned char myByte;
    myByte = tx_queue[tailQ];
    tailQ++;
    tailQ = tailQ % QUEUE_DEPTH;  // Keep this tailQ contained within a limit
    // Now that we dequeed the byte, it must be sent. 
    return myByte;
}

void loop() {
    captClock = micros();
    
    if (lastClock > captClock) {
        // we have a roll over condition - Again, maybe we don't need to do this.
        if (clk_period_us <= (4294967295 - (lastClock - captClock))) {
            // Add a the ideal clock period for this BPM to the last measurement value
            lastClock = lastClock + clk_period_us;
            // Send a clock, bypasing the transmit queue
            Serial.write(MIDI_SYSRT_CLK);
        }
    } else if (clk_period_us <= captClock-lastClock) {
        // Basically the same two commands above, but not within a roll over check
        lastClock = lastClock + clk_period_us;
        // Send a clock, bypasing the transmit queue
        Serial.write(MIDI_SYSRT_CLK);
    }

    if (getQDepth>0) {
        Serial.write(deQueue());
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    addQueue((unsigned char)Serial.read());;
  }
}

MIDI-berichten gedefinieerd

Over het algemeen is het MIDI-protocol onderverdeeld in "berichten". Er zijn 4 algemene klassen van berichten:

• Kanaalstem
• Kanaalmodus
• Systeem gemeenschappelijk
• Systeem realtime berichten

Berichten beginnen met een bytewaarde boven 0x80. Elke waarde onder 0x7F wordt beschouwd als data. Dit betekent in feite dat 127 de maximale waarde is die kan worden gecodeerd in een enkele MIDI-databyte. Om grotere waarden te coderen, zijn twee of meer MIDI-databytes vereist.

Opgemerkt moet worden dat berichten van begin tot einde zonder onderbreking moeten worden verzonden ... BEHALVE ... Real-Time systeemberichten, die een enkele byte zijn, die in het midden van elk bericht kunnen worden geïnjecteerd.

Kanaal spraakberichten

Kanaalmodusberichten

Algemene systeemberichten

Systeem realtime berichten