arduino
MIDI-Kommunikation

Einführung

MIDI THRU Beispiel

Der MIDI Thru ist einfach und leicht zu testen. Wenn Sie richtig arbeiten, können Sie Ihr Arduino-Projekt zwischen zwei MIDI-Geräten, MIDI IN und MIDI OUT, installieren und überprüfen, ob die beiden Geräte zusammenarbeiten. Wenn Sie die Latenz messen können, sehen Sie eine Zunahme aufgrund der Anweisungen zum Erfassen und erneuten Übertragen des Puffers.

// This is a simple MIDI THRU.  Everything in, goes right out.
// This has been validate on an Arduino UNO and a Olimex MIDI Shield  

boolean byteReady; 
unsigned char midiByte;

void setup() {
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
    byteReady = false;
    midiByte = 0;  
}

// The Loop that always gets called...
void loop() {
   if (byteReady) {
        byteReady = false;
        Serial.write(midiByte);
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    midiByte = (unsigned char)Serial.read();
    byteReady = true;
  }
}

MIDI durch Warteschlange

// This is a more complex MIDI THRU.  This version uses a queue.  Queues are important because some
// MIDI messages can be interrupted for real time events.  If you are generating your own messages,
// you may need to stop your message to let a "real time" message through and then resume your message.


#define QUEUE_DEPTH 128

// Queue Logic for storing messages
int headQ = 0;
int tailQ = 0;
unsigned char tx_queue[QUEUE_DEPTH];

void setup() {
    // put your setup code here, to run once:
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
}

// getQDepth checks for roll over.  Folks have told me this 
// is not required.  Feel free to experiment.
int getQDepth() {
int depth = 0;
    if (headQ < tailQ) {
        depth = QUEUE_DEPTH - (tailQ - headQ);
    } else {
        depth = headQ - tailQ;
    }
    return depth;
}

void addQueue (unsigned char myByte) {
    int depth = 0;
    depth = getQDepth();

    if (depth < (QUEUE_DEPTH-2)) {
        tx_queue[headQ] = myByte;
        headQ++;
        headQ = headQ % QUEUE_DEPTH; // Always keep the headQ limited between 0 and 127
    }
}

unsigned char deQueue() {
    unsigned char myByte;
    myByte = tx_queue[tailQ];
    tailQ++;
    tailQ = tailQ % QUEUE_DEPTH;  // Keep this tailQ contained within a limit
    // Now that we dequeed the byte, it must be sent. 
    return myByte;
}

void loop() {
   if (getQDepth>0) {
        Serial.write(deQueue());
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    addQueue((unsigned char)Serial.read());;
  }
}

MIDI Clock Generation

// This is a MiDI clk generator.  This takes a #defined BPM and 
// makes the appropriate clk rate.  The queue is used to let other messages 
// through, but allows a clock to go immediately to reduce clock jitter

#define QUEUE_DEPTH 128
#define BPM 121
#define MIDI_SYSRT_CLK 0xF8

// clock tracking and calculation
unsigned long lastClock;
unsigned long captClock;
unsigned long clk_period_us;

// Queue Logic for storing messages
int headQ = 0;
int tailQ = 0;
unsigned char tx_queue[QUEUE_DEPTH];

void setup() {
    //  Set MIDI baud rate:
    Serial.begin(31250);
    clk_period_us = 60000000 / (24 * BPM);
    lastClock = micros();
}

// getQDepth checks for roll over.  Folks have told me this 
// is not required.  Feel free to experiment.
int getQDepth() {
int depth = 0;
    if (headQ < tailQ) {
        depth = QUEUE_DEPTH - (tailQ - headQ);
    } else {
        depth = headQ - tailQ;
    }
    return depth;
}

void addQueue (unsigned char myByte) {
    int depth = 0;
    depth = getQDepth();

    if (depth < (QUEUE_DEPTH-2)) {
        tx_queue[headQ] = myByte;
        headQ++;
        headQ = headQ % QUEUE_DEPTH; // Always keep the headQ limited between 0 and 127
    }
}

unsigned char deQueue() {
    unsigned char myByte;
    myByte = tx_queue[tailQ];
    tailQ++;
    tailQ = tailQ % QUEUE_DEPTH;  // Keep this tailQ contained within a limit
    // Now that we dequeed the byte, it must be sent. 
    return myByte;
}

void loop() {
    captClock = micros();
    
    if (lastClock > captClock) {
        // we have a roll over condition - Again, maybe we don't need to do this.
        if (clk_period_us <= (4294967295 - (lastClock - captClock))) {
            // Add a the ideal clock period for this BPM to the last measurement value
            lastClock = lastClock + clk_period_us;
            // Send a clock, bypasing the transmit queue
            Serial.write(MIDI_SYSRT_CLK);
        }
    } else if (clk_period_us <= captClock-lastClock) {
        // Basically the same two commands above, but not within a roll over check
        lastClock = lastClock + clk_period_us;
        // Send a clock, bypasing the transmit queue
        Serial.write(MIDI_SYSRT_CLK);
    }

    if (getQDepth>0) {
        Serial.write(deQueue());
    }
}

// The little function that gets called each time loop is called.  
// This is automated somwhere in the Arduino code.
void serialEvent() {
  if (Serial.available()) {
    // get the new byte:
    addQueue((unsigned char)Serial.read());;
  }
}

MIDI-Nachrichten definiert

Im Allgemeinen wird das MIDI-Protokoll in "Messages" unterteilt. Es gibt 4 allgemeine Nachrichtenklassen:

• Kanalstimme
• Kanalmodus
• System allgemein
• System-Echtzeitnachrichten

Meldungen beginnen mit einem Byte-Wert über 0x80. Jeder Wert unter 0x7F gilt als Daten. Bedeutet effektiv, dass 127 der maximale Wert ist, der in ein einzelnes MIDI-Datenbyte codiert werden kann. Um größere Werte zu kodieren, sind zwei oder mehr MIDI-Datenbytes erforderlich.

Es sollte darauf hingewiesen werden, dass Nachrichten ohne Unterbrechung gesendet werden müssen, bis sie beendet werden. AUSNAHME ... System-Echtzeitnachrichten, bei denen es sich um ein einzelnes Byte handelt, das mitten in eine Nachricht eingefügt werden kann.

Kanal-Sprachnachrichten

Kanalmodus-Meldungen

Allgemeine Systemmeldungen

System-Echtzeitnachrichten