spring
Configuración de ApplicationContext

Observaciones

Configuración de Java

La configuración de Java se realiza normalmente aplicando la anotación @Configuration a una clase para sugerir que una clase contiene definiciones de bean. Las definiciones de bean se especifican aplicando la anotación @Bean a un método que devuelve un objeto.

@Configuration // This annotation tells the ApplicationContext that this class
               // contains bean definitions.
class AppConfig {
    /**
     * An Author created with the default constructor
     * setting no properties
     */
    @Bean // This annotation marks a method that defines a bean 
    Author author1() {
        return new Author();
    }

    /**
     * An Author created with the constructor that initializes the 
     * name fields
     */
    @Bean
    Author author2() {
        return new Author("Steven", "King");
    }

    /**
     * An Author created with the default constructor, but  
     * then uses the property setters to specify name fields
     */
    @Bean
    Author author3() {
        Author author = new Author();
        author.setFirstName("George");
        author.setLastName("Martin");
        return author;
    }

    /**
     * A Book created referring to author2 (created above) via
     * a constructor argument.  The dependency is fulfilled by
     * invoking the method as plain Java.
     */
    @Bean
    Book book1() {
        return new Book(author2(), "It");
    }

    /**
     * A Book created referring to author3 (created above) via
     * a property setter.  The dependency is fulfilled by
     * invoking the method as plain Java.
     */
    @Bean
    Book book2() {
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setAuthor(author3());
        book.setTitle("A Game of Thrones");
        return book;
    }
}

// The classes that are being initialized and wired above...
class Book { // assume package org.springframework.example
    Author author;
    String title;
    
    Book() {} // default constructor
    Book(Author author, String title) {
        this.author = author;
        this.title= title;
    }

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }

    void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title= title;
    }
}

class Author { // assume package org.springframework.example
    String firstName;
    String lastName;

    Author() {} // default constructor
    Author(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }

    void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

Configuración xml

La configuración de XML se realiza normalmente mediante la definición de beans dentro de un archivo xml, utilizando el esquema de beans específico de Spring. Bajo el elemento de root beans , la definición típica de bean se haría usando el subelemento de bean .

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- An Author created with the default constructor
         setting no properties -->
    <bean id="author1" class="org.springframework.example.Author" />
    
    <!-- An Author created with the constructor that initializes the 
         name fields -->
    <bean id="author2" class="org.springframework.example.Author">
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="Steven" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="King" />
    </bean>

    <!-- An Author created with the default constructor, but  
         then uses the property setters to specify name fields -->
    <bean id="author3" class="org.springframework.example.Author">
        <property name="firstName" value="George" />
        <property name="lastName" value="Martin" />
    </bean>

    <!-- A Book created referring to author2 (created above) via
         a constructor argument -->
    <bean id="book1" class="org.springframework.example.Book">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="author2" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="It" />
    </bean>

    <!-- A Book created referring to author3 (created above) via
         a property setter -->
    <bean id="book1" class="org.springframework.example.Book">
        <property name="author" ref="author3" />
        <property name="title" value="A Game of Thrones" />
    </bean>
</beans>

// The classes that are being initialized and wired above...
class Book { // assume package org.springframework.example
    Author author;
    String title;
    
    Book() {} // default constructor
    Book(Author author, String title) {
        this.author = author;
        this.title= title;
    }

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }

    void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title= title;
    }
}

class Author { // assume package org.springframework.example
    String firstName;
    String lastName;

    Author() {} // default constructor
    Author(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }

    void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

Auto cableado

El cableado automático se realiza mediante una anotación de esterotipo para especificar qué clases serán beans en ApplicationContext y utilizando las anotaciones Autowired y Value para especificar las dependencias de bean. La parte única de autowiring es que no hay una definición externa de ApplicationContext , ya que todo se realiza dentro de las clases que son los beans en sí.

@Component // The annotation that specifies to include this as a bean
           // in the ApplicationContext
class Book {
    
    @Autowired // The annotation that wires the below defined Author
               // instance into this bean
    Author author;

    String title = "It";

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }
}

@Component // The annotation that specifies to include
           // this as a bean in the ApplicationContext
class Author {
    String firstName = "Steven";
    String lastName = "King";

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }
}

Bootstrapping the ApplicationContext

Configuración de Java

La clase de configuración solo necesita ser una clase que se encuentre en la ruta de clase de su aplicación y sea visible para la clase principal de su aplicación.

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext appContext =
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfig.class);
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

@Configuration
class MyConfig {
    @Bean
    MyObject myObject() {
        // ...configure myObject...
    }

    // ...define more beans...
}

Configuración xml

El archivo xml de configuración solo necesita estar en la ruta de clase de su aplicación.

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext appContext =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- applicationContext.xml -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="myObject" class="com.example.MyObject">
        <!-- ...configure myObject... -->
    </bean>

    <!-- ...define more beans... -->
</beans>

Auto cableado

El cableado automático necesita saber qué paquetes base analizar para beans anotados ( @Component ). Esto se especifica mediante el #scan(String...) .

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext appContext =
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        appContext.scan("com.example");
        appContext.refresh();
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

// assume this class is in the com.example package.
@Component
class MyObject {
    // ...myObject definition...
}