spring
ApplicationContext-configuratie

Opmerkingen

Java-configuratie

Java-configuratie wordt meestal gedaan door de annotatie @Configuration op een klasse toe te passen om te suggereren dat een klasse @Configuration bevat. De bean-definities worden opgegeven door de @Bean annotatie toe te passen op een methode die een object retourneert.

@Configuration // This annotation tells the ApplicationContext that this class
               // contains bean definitions.
class AppConfig {
    /**
     * An Author created with the default constructor
     * setting no properties
     */
    @Bean // This annotation marks a method that defines a bean 
    Author author1() {
        return new Author();
    }

    /**
     * An Author created with the constructor that initializes the 
     * name fields
     */
    @Bean
    Author author2() {
        return new Author("Steven", "King");
    }

    /**
     * An Author created with the default constructor, but  
     * then uses the property setters to specify name fields
     */
    @Bean
    Author author3() {
        Author author = new Author();
        author.setFirstName("George");
        author.setLastName("Martin");
        return author;
    }

    /**
     * A Book created referring to author2 (created above) via
     * a constructor argument.  The dependency is fulfilled by
     * invoking the method as plain Java.
     */
    @Bean
    Book book1() {
        return new Book(author2(), "It");
    }

    /**
     * A Book created referring to author3 (created above) via
     * a property setter.  The dependency is fulfilled by
     * invoking the method as plain Java.
     */
    @Bean
    Book book2() {
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setAuthor(author3());
        book.setTitle("A Game of Thrones");
        return book;
    }
}

// The classes that are being initialized and wired above...
class Book { // assume package org.springframework.example
    Author author;
    String title;
    
    Book() {} // default constructor
    Book(Author author, String title) {
        this.author = author;
        this.title= title;
    }

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }

    void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title= title;
    }
}

class Author { // assume package org.springframework.example
    String firstName;
    String lastName;

    Author() {} // default constructor
    Author(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }

    void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

XML-configuratie

XML-configuratie wordt meestal gedaan door bonen in een XML-bestand te definiëren, met behulp van het specifieke beans Spring. Onder de root beans element, zouden typische bean definitie gebeuren met de bean subelement.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- An Author created with the default constructor
         setting no properties -->
    <bean id="author1" class="org.springframework.example.Author" />
    
    <!-- An Author created with the constructor that initializes the 
         name fields -->
    <bean id="author2" class="org.springframework.example.Author">
        <constructor-arg index="0" value="Steven" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="King" />
    </bean>

    <!-- An Author created with the default constructor, but  
         then uses the property setters to specify name fields -->
    <bean id="author3" class="org.springframework.example.Author">
        <property name="firstName" value="George" />
        <property name="lastName" value="Martin" />
    </bean>

    <!-- A Book created referring to author2 (created above) via
         a constructor argument -->
    <bean id="book1" class="org.springframework.example.Book">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="author2" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="It" />
    </bean>

    <!-- A Book created referring to author3 (created above) via
         a property setter -->
    <bean id="book1" class="org.springframework.example.Book">
        <property name="author" ref="author3" />
        <property name="title" value="A Game of Thrones" />
    </bean>
</beans>

// The classes that are being initialized and wired above...
class Book { // assume package org.springframework.example
    Author author;
    String title;
    
    Book() {} // default constructor
    Book(Author author, String title) {
        this.author = author;
        this.title= title;
    }

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }

    void setAuthor(Author author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title= title;
    }
}

class Author { // assume package org.springframework.example
    String firstName;
    String lastName;

    Author() {} // default constructor
    Author(String firstName, String lastName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }

    void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }
}

Autowiring

Autowiring wordt gedaan met behulp van een sterotype- annotatie om aan te geven welke klassen bonen worden in de ApplicationContext , en met behulp van de Autowired en Value annotaties om Autowired te specificeren. Het unieke deel van autowiring is dat er geen externe ApplicationContext definitie is, omdat dit allemaal wordt gedaan binnen de klassen die de bonen zelf zijn.

@Component // The annotation that specifies to include this as a bean
           // in the ApplicationContext
class Book {
    
    @Autowired // The annotation that wires the below defined Author
               // instance into this bean
    Author author;

    String title = "It";

    Author getAuthor() { return author; }
    String getTitle() { return title; }
}

@Component // The annotation that specifies to include
           // this as a bean in the ApplicationContext
class Author {
    String firstName = "Steven";
    String lastName = "King";

    String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
    String getLastName() { return lastName; }
}

Bootstrapping van ApplicationContext

Java Config

De configuratieklasse hoeft alleen een klasse te zijn die zich op het klassenpad van uw toepassing bevindt en zichtbaar is voor de hoofdklasse van uw toepassing.

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext appContext =
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfig.class);
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

@Configuration
class MyConfig {
    @Bean
    MyObject myObject() {
        // ...configure myObject...
    }

    // ...define more beans...
}

Xml Config

Het configuratie-XML-bestand hoeft alleen op het classpath van uw toepassing te staan.

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext appContext =
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- applicationContext.xml -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="myObject" class="com.example.MyObject">
        <!-- ...configure myObject... -->
    </bean>

    <!-- ...define more beans... -->
</beans>

Autowiring

Autowiring moet weten welke basispakketten moeten worden gescand op geannoteerde bonen ( @Component ). Dit wordt opgegeven via de #scan(String...) -methode.

class MyApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext appContext =
            new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        appContext.scan("com.example");
        appContext.refresh();
        
        // ready to retrieve beans from appContext, such as myObject.
    }
}

// assume this class is in the com.example package.
@Component
class MyObject {
    // ...myObject definition...
}