Scala Language
Dynamisk inbjudan

Introduktion

Syntax

• klass Foo utökar Dynamic
• foo.field
• foo.field = värde
• foo.method (args)
• foo.method (benämndArg = x, y)

Anmärkningar

Fältåtkomst

Detta:

class Foo extends Dynamic {
  // Expressions are only rewritten to use Dynamic if they are not already valid
  // Therefore foo.realField will not use select/updateDynamic
  var realField: Int = 5
  // Called for expressions of the type foo.field
  def selectDynamic(fieldName: String) = ???
  def updateDynamic(fieldName: String)(value: Int) = ???
}

möjliggör enkel åtkomst till fält:

val foo: Foo = ???
foo.realField // Does NOT use Dynamic; accesses the actual field
foo.realField = 10 // Actual field access here too
foo.unrealField // Becomes foo.selectDynamic(unrealField)
foo.field = 10  // Becomes foo.updateDynamic("field")(10)
foo.field = "10" // Does not compile; "10" is not an Int.
foo.x() // Does not compile; Foo does not define applyDynamic, which is used for methods.
foo.x.apply() // DOES compile, as Nothing is a subtype of () => Any
// Remember, the compiler is still doing static type checks, it just has one more way to
// "recover" and rewrite otherwise invalid code now.

Metod Samtal

Detta:

class Villain(val minions: Map[String, Minion]) extends Dynamic {
  def applyDynamic(name: String)(jobs: Task*) = jobs.foreach(minions(name).do)
  def applyDynamicNamed(name: String)(jobs: (String, Task)*) = jobs.foreach {
    // If a parameter does not have a name, and is simply given, the name passed as ""
    case ("", task) => minions(name).do(task)
    case (subsys, task) => minions(name).subsystems(subsys).do(task)
  }
}

möjliggör samtal till metoder, med och utan namngivna parametrar:

val gru: Villain = ???
gru.blu() // Becomes gru.applyDynamic("blu")()
// Becomes gru.applyDynamicNamed("stu")(("fooer", ???), ("boomer", ???), ("", ???),
//         ("computer breaker", ???), ("fooer", ???))
// Note how the `???` without a name is given the name ""
// Note how both occurrences of `fooer` are passed to the method
gru.stu(fooer = ???, boomer = ???, ???, `computer breaker` = ???, fooer = ???)
gru.ERR("a") // Somehow, scalac thinks "a" is not a Task, though it clearly is (it isn't)

Interaktion mellan fältåtkomst och uppdateringsmetod

Lite mot intuitivt (men också det enda sunda sättet att få det att fungera), detta:

val dyn: Dynamic = ???
dyn.x(y) = z

är ekvivalent med:

dyn.selectDynamic("x").update(y, z)

medan

dyn.x(y)

är fortfarande

dyn.applyDynamic("x")(y)

Det är viktigt att vara medveten om detta, annars kan det smyga av obemärkt och orsaka konstiga fel.