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Arbeta med XML-filer
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Åtkomst till en XML-fil
<!-- file.xml -->
<people>
<person id="101">
<name>Jon Lajoie</name>
<age>22</age>
</person>
<person id="102">
<name>Lord Gaben</name>
<age>65</age>
</person>
<person id="103">
<name>Gordon Freeman</name>
<age>29</age>
</person>
</people>
Laddar en XML-fil
För att ladda en XML-fil kan du använda något av följande:
# First Method
$xdoc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$file = Resolve-Path(".\file.xml")
$xdoc.load($file)
# Second Method
[xml] $xdoc = Get-Content ".\file.xml"
# Third Method
$xdoc = [xml] (Get-Content ".\file.xml")
Åtkomst till XML som objekt
PS C:\> $xml = [xml](Get-Content file.xml)
PS C:\> $xml
PS C:\> $xml.people
person
--------
{Jon Lajoie, Lord Gaben, Gordon Freeman}
PS C:\> $xml.people.person
id name age
-- ---- ---
101 Jon Lajoie 22
102 Lord Gaben 65
103 Gordon Freeman 29
PS C:\> $xml.people.person[0].name
Jon Lajoie
PS C:\> $xml.people.person[1].age
65
PS C:\> $xml.people.person[2].id
103
Åtkomst till XML med XPath
PS C:\> $xml = [xml](Get-Content file.xml)
PS C:\> $xml
PS C:\> $xml.SelectNodes("//people")
person
--------
{Jon Lajoie, Lord Gaben, Gordon Freeman}
PS C:\> $xml.SelectNodes("//people//person")
id name age
-- ---- ---
101 Jon Lajoie 22
102 Lord Gaben 65
103 Gordon Freeman 29
PS C:\> $xml.SelectSingleNode("people//person[1]//name")
Jon Lajoie
PS C:\> $xml.SelectSingleNode("people//person[2]//age")
65
PS C:\> $xml.SelectSingleNode("people//person[3]//@id")
103
Åtkomst till XML som innehåller namnutrymmen med XPath
PS C:\> [xml]$xml = @"
<ns:people xmlns:ns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<ns:person id="101">
<ns:name>Jon Lajoie</ns:name>
</ns:person>
<ns:person id="102">
<ns:name>Lord Gaben</ns:name>
</ns:person>
<ns:person id="103">
<ns:name>Gordon Freeman</ns:name>
</ns:person>
</ns:people>
"@
PS C:\> $ns = new-object Xml.XmlNamespaceManager $xml.NameTable
PS C:\> $ns.AddNamespace("ns", $xml.DocumentElement.NamespaceURI)
PS C:\> $xml.SelectNodes("//ns:people/ns:person", $ns)
id name
-- ----
101 Jon Lajoie
102 Lord Gaben
103 Gordon Freeman
Skapa ett XML-dokument med XmlWriter ()
# Set The Formatting
$xmlsettings = New-Object System.Xml.XmlWriterSettings
$xmlsettings.Indent = $true
$xmlsettings.IndentChars = " "
# Set the File Name Create The Document
$XmlWriter = [System.XML.XmlWriter]::Create("C:\YourXML.xml", $xmlsettings)
# Write the XML Decleration and set the XSL
$xmlWriter.WriteStartDocument()
$xmlWriter.WriteProcessingInstruction("xml-stylesheet", "type='text/xsl' href='style.xsl'")
# Start the Root Element
$xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Root")
$xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("Object") # <-- Start <Object>
$xmlWriter.WriteElementString("Property1","Value 1")
$xmlWriter.WriteElementString("Property2","Value 2")
$xmlWriter.WriteStartElement("SubObject") # <-- Start <SubObject>
$xmlWriter.WriteElementString("Property3","Value 3")
$xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() # <-- End <SubObject>
$xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() # <-- End <Object>
$xmlWriter.WriteEndElement() # <-- End <Root>
# End, Finalize and close the XML Document
$xmlWriter.WriteEndDocument()
$xmlWriter.Flush()
$xmlWriter.Close()
Utdata XML-fil
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type='text/xsl' href='style.xsl'?>
<Root>
<Object>
<Property1>Value 1</Property1>
<Property2>Value 2</Property2>
<SubObject>
<Property3>Value 3</Property3>
</SubObject>
</Object>
</Root>
Lägga till utdrag av XML till nuvarande XMLDocument
Stickprov
XML-dokument
Låt oss först definiera ett exempel på XML-dokument med namnet " books.xml " i vår nuvarande katalog:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books>
<book>
<title>Of Mice And Men</title>
<author>John Steinbeck</author>
<pageCount>187</pageCount>
<publishers>
<publisher>
<isbn>978-88-58702-15-4</isbn>
<name>Pascal Covici</name>
<year>1937</year>
<binding>Hardcover</binding>
<first>true</first>
</publisher>
<publisher>
<isbn>978-05-82461-46-8</isbn>
<name>Longman</name>
<year>2009</year>
<binding>Hardcover</binding>
</publisher>
</publishers>
<characters>
<character name="Lennie Small" />
<character name="Curley's Wife" />
<character name="George Milton" />
<character name="Curley" />
</characters>
<film>True</film>
</book>
<book>
<title>The Hunt for Red October</title>
<author>Tom Clancy</author>
<pageCount>387</pageCount>
<publishers>
<publisher>
<isbn>978-08-70212-85-7</isbn>
<name>Naval Institute Press</name>
<year>1984</year>
<binding>Hardcover</binding>
<first>true</first>
</publisher>
<publisher>
<isbn>978-04-25083-83-3</isbn>
<name>Berkley</name>
<year>1986</year>
<binding>Paperback</binding>
</publisher>
<publisher>
<isbn>978-08-08587-35-4</isbn>
<name>Penguin Putnam</name>
<year>2010</year>
<binding>Paperback</binding>
</publisher>
</publishers>
<characters>
<character name="Marko Alexadrovich Ramius" />
<character name="Jack Ryan" />
<character name="Admiral Greer" />
<character name="Bart Mancuso" />
<character name="Vasily Borodin" />
</characters>
<film>True</film>
</book>
</books>
Nya data
Vad vi vill göra är att lägga till några nya böcker till det här dokumentet, låt oss säga Patriot Games av Tom Clancy (ja, jag är ett fan av Clancy's verk ^ __ ^) och en Sci-Fi-favorit: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy av Douglas Adams främst för att Zaphod Beeblebrox bara är kul att läsa.
På något sätt har vi skaffat data för de nya böckerna och sparat dem som en lista med PSCustomObjects:
$newBooks = @(
[PSCustomObject] @{
"Title" = "Patriot Games";
"Author" = "Tom Clancy";
"PageCount" = 540;
"Publishers" = @(
[PSCustomObject] @{
"ISBN" = "978-0-39-913241-4";
"Year" = "1987";
"First" = $True;
"Name" = "Putnam";
"Binding" = "Hardcover";
}
);
"Characters" = @(
"Jack Ryan", "Prince of Wales", "Princess of Wales",
"Robby Jackson", "Cathy Ryan", "Sean Patrick Miller"
);
"film" = $True;
},
[PSCustomObject] @{
"Title" = "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy";
"Author" = "Douglas Adams";
"PageCount" = 216;
"Publishers" = @(
[PSCustomObject] @{
"ISBN" = "978-0-33-025864-7";
"Year" = "1979";
"First" = $True;
"Name" = "Pan Books";
"Binding" = "Hardcover";
}
);
"Characters" = @(
"Arthur Dent", "Marvin", "Zaphod Beeblebrox", "Ford Prefect",
"Trillian", "Slartibartfast", "Dirk Gently"
);
"film" = $True;
}
);
mallar
Nu måste vi definiera några XML-strukturer för skelett för att våra nya data ska gå in. I princip vill du skapa ett skelett / mall för varje lista med data. I vårt exempel betyder det att vi behöver en mall för boken, tecken och förlag. Vi kan också använda detta för att definiera ett fåtal standardvärden, såsom värdet för film tag.
$t_book = [xml] @'
<book>
<title />
<author />
<pageCount />
<publishers />
<characters />
<film>False</film>
</book>
'@;
$t_publisher = [xml] @'
<publisher>
<isbn/>
<name/>
<year/>
<binding/>
<first>false</first>
</publisher>
'@;
$t_character = [xml] @'
<character name="" />
'@;
Vi är klara med inställningen.
Lägga till nya data
Nu när vi alla är konfigurerade med våra exempeldata, låt oss lägga till anpassade objekt i XML-dokumentobjektet.
# Read the xml document
$xml = [xml] Get-Content .\books.xml;
# Let's show a list of titles to see what we've got currently:
$xml.books.book | Select Title, Author, @{N="ISBN";E={If ( $_.Publishers.Publisher.Count ) { $_.Publishers.publisher[0].ISBN} Else { $_.Publishers.publisher.isbn}}};;
# Outputs:
# title author ISBN
# ----- ------ ----
# Of Mice And Men John Steinbeck 978-88-58702-15-4
# The Hunt for Red October Tom Clancy 978-08-70212-85-7
# Let's show our new books as well:
$newBooks | Select Title, Author, @{N="ISBN";E={$_.Publishers[0].ISBN}};
# Outputs:
# Title Author ISBN
# ----- ------ ----
# Patriot Games Tom Clancy 978-0-39-913241-4
# The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams 978-0-33-025864-7
# Now to merge the two:
ForEach ( $book in $newBooks ) {
$root = $xml.SelectSingleNode("/books");
# Add the template for a book as a new node to the root element
[void]$root.AppendChild($xml.ImportNode($t_book.book, $true));
# Select the new child element
$newElement = $root.SelectSingleNode("book[last()]");
# Update the parameters of that new element to match our current new book data
$newElement.title = [String]$book.Title;
$newElement.author = [String]$book.Author;
$newElement.pageCount = [String]$book.PageCount;
$newElement.film = [String]$book.Film;
# Iterate through the properties that are Children of our new Element:
ForEach ( $publisher in $book.Publishers ) {
# Create the new child publisher element
# Note the use of "SelectSingleNode" here, this allows the use of the "AppendChild" method as it returns
# a XmlElement type object instead of the $Null data that is currently stored in that leaf of the
# XML document tree
[void]$newElement.SelectSingleNode("publishers").AppendChild($xml.ImportNode($t_publisher.publisher, $true));
# Update the attribute and text values of our new XML Element to match our new data
$newPublisherElement = $newElement.SelectSingleNode("publishers/publisher[last()]");
$newPublisherElement.year = [String]$publisher.Year;
$newPublisherElement.name = [String]$publisher.Name;
$newPublisherElement.binding = [String]$publisher.Binding;
$newPublisherElement.isbn = [String]$publisher.ISBN;
If ( $publisher.first ) {
$newPublisherElement.first = "True";
}
}
ForEach ( $character in $book.Characters ) {
# Select the characters xml element
$charactersElement = $newElement.SelectSingleNode("characters");
# Add a new character child element
[void]$charactersElement.AppendChild($xml.ImportNode($t_character.character, $true));
# Select the new characters/character element
$characterElement = $charactersElement.SelectSingleNode("character[last()]");
# Update the attribute and text values to match our new data
$characterElement.name = [String]$character;
}
}
# Check out the new XML:
$xml.books.book | Select Title, Author, @{N="ISBN";E={If ( $_.Publishers.Publisher.Count ) { $_.Publishers.publisher[0].ISBN} Else { $_.Publishers.publisher.isbn}}};
# Outputs:
# title author ISBN
# ----- ------ ----
# Of Mice And Men John Steinbeck 978-88-58702-15-4
# The Hunt for Red October Tom Clancy 978-08-70212-85-7
# Patriot Games Tom Clancy 978-0-39-913241-4
# The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Douglas Adams 978-0-33-025864-7
Vi kan nu skriva vår XML till disk, eller skärm, eller webb, eller vart som helst!
Vinst
Även om detta kanske inte är proceduren för alla så hittade jag det för att undvika en hel massa [void]$xml.SelectSingleNode("/complicated/xpath/goes[here]").AppendChild($xml.CreateElement("newElementName") följt av $xml.SelectSingleNode("/complicated/xpath/goes/here/newElementName") = $textValue
Jag tror att metoden som beskrivs i exemplet är renare och lättare att analysera för normala människor.
förbättringar
Det kan vara möjligt att ändra mallen till att inkludera element med barn istället för att dela ut varje sektion som en separat mall. Du måste bara se till att klona det föregående elementet när du går igenom listan.
Modified text is an extract of the original Stack Overflow Documentation
Licensierat under CC BY-SA 3.0
Inte anslutet till Stack Overflow
