PowerShell
Klasy PowerShell

Wprowadzenie

Metody i właściwości

class Person {
    [string] $FirstName
    [string] $LastName
    [string] Greeting() {
        return "Greetings, {0} {1}!" -f $this.FirstName, $this.LastName
    }
}

$x = [Person]::new()
$x.FirstName = "Jane"
$x.LastName = "Doe"
$greeting = $x.Greeting() # "Greetings, Jane Doe!"

Wyświetlanie dostępnych konstruktorów dla klasy

PS> [DateTime]::new

OverloadDefinitions
-------------------
datetime new(long ticks)
datetime new(long ticks, System.DateTimeKind kind)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, System.Globalization.Calendar calendar)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, System.DateTimeKind kind)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, System.Globalization.Calendar calendar)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond, System.DateTimeKind kind)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond,
System.Globalization.Calendar calendar)
datetime new(int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, int millisecond,
System.Globalization.Calendar calendar, System.DateTimeKind kind)

Jest to ta sama technika, której można użyć do wyświetlenia listy definicji przeciążenia dla dowolnej metody

> 'abc'.CompareTo

OverloadDefinitions
-------------------
int CompareTo(System.Object value)
int CompareTo(string strB)
int IComparable.CompareTo(System.Object obj)
int IComparable[string].CompareTo(string other)

W przypadku wcześniejszych wersji możesz utworzyć własną funkcję, aby wyświetlić listę dostępnych konstruktorów:

function Get-Constructor {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$true)]
        [type]$type
    )

    Process {
        $type.GetConstructors() | 
        Format-Table -Wrap @{
            n="$($type.Name) Constructors"
            e={ ($_.GetParameters() | % { $_.ToString() }) -Join ", " }
        }
    }
}

Stosowanie:

Get-Constructor System.DateTime    
#Or [datetime] | Get-Constructor

DateTime Constructors
---------------------
Int64 ticks
Int64 ticks, System.DateTimeKind kind
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, System.Globalization.Calendar calendar
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, System.DateTimeKind kind
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, System.Globalization.Calendar calendar
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, Int32 millisecond
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, Int32 millisecond, System.DateTimeKind kind
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, Int32 millisecond, System.Globalization.Cal
endar calendar
Int32 year, Int32 month, Int32 day, Int32 hour, Int32 minute, Int32 second, Int32 millisecond, System.Globalization.Cal
endar calendar, System.DateTimeKind kind

Przeciążenie konstruktora

class Person {
    [string] $Name
    [int] $Age

    Person([string] $Name) {
        $this.Name = $Name
    }

    Person([string] $Name, [int]$Age) {
        $this.Name = $Name
        $this.Age = $Age
    }
}

Uzyskaj wszystkich członków wystąpienia

PS > Get-Member -InputObject $anObjectInstance

Zwróci to wszystkich członków instancji typu. Oto część przykładowego wyniku dla instancji String

   TypeName: System.String

Name             MemberType            Definition
----             ----------            ----------
Clone            Method                System.Object Clone(), System.Object ICloneable.Clone()
CompareTo        Method                int CompareTo(System.Object value), int CompareTo(string strB), i...
Contains         Method                bool Contains(string value)
CopyTo           Method                void CopyTo(int sourceIndex, char[] destination, int destinationI...
EndsWith         Method                bool EndsWith(string value), bool EndsWith(string value, System.S...
Equals           Method                bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool Equals(string value), bool E...
GetEnumerator    Method                System.CharEnumerator GetEnumerator(), System.Collections.Generic...
GetHashCode      Method                int GetHashCode()
GetType          Method                type GetType()
...

Szablon klasy podstawowej

# Define a class
class TypeName
{
   # Property with validate set
   [ValidateSet("val1", "Val2")]
   [string] $P1

   # Static property
   static [hashtable] $P2

   # Hidden property does not show as result of Get-Member
   hidden [int] $P3

   # Constructor
   TypeName ([string] $s)
   {
       $this.P1 = $s       
   }

   # Static method
   static [void] MemberMethod1([hashtable] $h)
   {
       [TypeName]::P2 = $h
   }

   # Instance method
   [int] MemberMethod2([int] $i)
   {
       $this.P3 = $i
       return $this.P3
   }
}

Dziedziczenie z klasy nadrzędnej do klasy podrzędnej

class ParentClass
{
    [string] $Message = "Its under the Parent Class"

    [string] GetMessage()
    {
        return ("Message: {0}" -f $this.Message)
    }
}

# Bar extends Foo and inherits its members
class ChildClass : ParentClass
{

}
$Inherit = [ChildClass]::new()

SO, $ Inherit.Message da ci

„Jest pod klasą nadrzędną”