C++
std :: Atomics
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tipi atomici
Ogni istanza e specializzazione completa del modello std::atomic
definisce un tipo atomico. Se un thread scrive su un oggetto atomico mentre un altro thread legge da esso, il comportamento è ben definito (vedi il modello di memoria per i dettagli sulle gare di dati)
Inoltre, gli accessi agli oggetti atomici possono stabilire la sincronizzazione tra thread e ordinare accessi di memoria non atomici come specificato da std::memory_order
.
std :: atomic può essere istanziato con qualsiasi TriviallyCopyable type T. std::atomic
non è né copiabile né mobile.
La libreria standard fornisce le specializzazioni del modello std :: atomic per i seguenti tipi:
- Viene definita una specializzazione completa per il tipo
bool
e il suo nome typedef che viene trattato comestd::atomic<T>
non specializzato, tranne che ha un layout standard, un costruttore banale di default, distruttori banali e supporta la sintassi di inizializzazione aggregata:
Nome typedef | Specializzazione completa |
---|---|
std::atomic_bool | std::atomic<bool> |
2) Specializzazioni complete e typedef per tipi interi, come segue:
Nome typedef | Specializzazione completa |
---|---|
std::atomic_char | std::atomic<char> |
std::atomic_char | std::atomic<char> |
std::atomic_schar | std::atomic<signed char> |
std::atomic_uchar | std::atomic<unsigned char> |
std::atomic_short | std::atomic<short> |
std::atomic_ushort | std::atomic<unsigned short> |
std::atomic_int | std::atomic<int> |
std::atomic_uint | std::atomic<unsigned int> |
std::atomic_long | std::atomic<long> |
std::atomic_ulong | std::atomic<unsigned long> |
std::atomic_llong | std::atomic<long long> |
std::atomic_ullong | std::atomic<unsigned long long> |
std::atomic_char16_t | std::atomic<char16_t> |
std::atomic_char32_t | std::atomic<char32_t> |
std::atomic_wchar_t | std::atomic<wchar_t> |
std::atomic_int8_t | std::atomic<std::int8_t> |
std::atomic_uint8_t | std::atomic<std::uint8_t> |
std::atomic_int16_t | std::atomic<std::int16_t> |
std::atomic_uint16_t | std::atomic<std::uint16_t> |
std::atomic_int32_t | std::atomic<std::int32_t> |
std::atomic_uint32_t | std::atomic<std::uint32_t> |
std::atomic_int64_t | std::atomic<std::int64_t> |
std::atomic_uint64_t | std::atomic<std::uint64_t> |
std::atomic_int_least8_t | std::atomic<std::int_least8_t> |
std::atomic_uint_least8_t | std::atomic<std::uint_least8_t> |
std::atomic_int_least16_t | std::atomic<std::int_least16_t> |
std::atomic_uint_least16_t | std::atomic<std::uint_least16_t> |
std::atomic_int_least32_t | std::atomic<std::int_least32_t> |
std::atomic_uint_least32_t | std::atomic<std::uint_least32_t> |
std::atomic_int_least64_t | std::atomic<std::int_least64_t> |
std::atomic_uint_least64_t | std::atomic<std::uint_least64_t> |
std::atomic_int_fast8_t | std::atomic<std::int_fast8_t> |
std::atomic_uint_fast8_t | std::atomic<std::uint_fast8_t> |
std::atomic_int_fast16_t | std::atomic<std::int_fast16_t> |
std::atomic_uint_fast16_t | std::atomic<std::uint_fast16_t> |
std::atomic_int_fast32_t | std::atomic<std::int_fast32_t> |
std::atomic_uint_fast32_t | std::atomic<std::uint_fast32_t> |
std::atomic_int_fast64_t | std::atomic<std::int_fast64_t> |
std::atomic_uint_fast64_t | std::atomic<std::uint_fast64_t> |
std::atomic_intptr_t | std::atomic<std::intptr_t> |
std::atomic_uintptr_t | std::atomic<std::uintptr_t> |
std::atomic_size_t | std::atomic<std::size_t> |
std::atomic_ptrdiff_t | std::atomic<std::ptrdiff_t> |
std::atomic_intmax_t | std::atomic<std::intmax_t> |
std::atomic_uintmax_t | std::atomic<std::uintmax_t> |
Semplice esempio di utilizzo di std :: atomic_int
#include <iostream> // std::cout
#include <atomic> // std::atomic, std::memory_order_relaxed
#include <thread> // std::thread
std::atomic_int foo (0);
void set_foo(int x) {
foo.store(x,std::memory_order_relaxed); // set value atomically
}
void print_foo() {
int x;
do {
x = foo.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); // get value atomically
} while (x==0);
std::cout << "foo: " << x << '\n';
}
int main ()
{
std::thread first (print_foo);
std::thread second (set_foo,10);
first.join();
//second.join();
return 0;
}
//output: foo: 10