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टिप्पणियों

यह अनुभाग बताता है कि glsl क्या है, और एक डेवलपर इसका उपयोग क्यों करना चाहता है।

यह भी glsl के भीतर किसी भी बड़े विषयों का उल्लेख करना चाहिए, और संबंधित विषयों के लिए लिंक करना चाहिए। चूंकि glsl के लिए दस्तावेज़ीकरण नया है, इसलिए आपको उन संबंधित विषयों के प्रारंभिक संस्करण बनाने की आवश्यकता हो सकती है।

संस्करण

OpenGL छायांकन भाषा

GLSL संस्करण ओपन संस्करण शेडर प्रीप्रोसेसर रिलीज़ की तारीख
1.10 2.0 # विसर्जन 110 2004/09/07
1.20 2.1 #version 120 2006-07-02
1.30 3.0 #version 130 2008-08-11
1.40 3.1 #version 140 2009-03-24
1.50 3.2 #version 150 2009-08-03
3.30 3.3 #version 330 2010-02-12
4.00 4.0 #version 400 2010-03-11
4.10 4.1 #version 410 2010-07-26
4.20 4.2 #version 420 2011-08-08
4.30 4.3 # उलट 430 2012-08-06
4.40 4.4 #version 440 2013-07-22
4.50 4.5 #version 450 2014-08-11

ओपनजीएल ईएस छायांकन भाषा

GLSL ES संस्करण OpenGL ES संस्करण शेडर प्रीप्रोसेसर रिलीज़ की तारीख
1.00 ईएस 2.0 #version 100 2007-03-05
3.00 ईएस 3.0 #version 300 से 2012-08-06
3.10 ईएस 3.1 #version 310 तों 2014-03-17
3.20 ईएस 3.2 #version 320 तों 2015/08/10

स्थापना या सेटअप

Glsl को स्थापित करने या स्थापित करने के बारे में विस्तृत निर्देश।

पहला OGL 4.0 GLSL शेडर प्रोग्राम

शीर्ष स्थिति और रंग विशेषता के साथ एक साधारण OGL 4.0 GLSL शेडर प्रोग्राम। कार्यक्रम को एक फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

एक shader प्रोग्राम में कम से कम एक शीर्ष shader और एक सुगंधित shader (कंप्यूटर शेड का अपवाद) होता है। 1 shader चरण शीर्ष shader है और अंतिम shader चरण खंड shader है (बीच में, वैकल्पिक आगे के चरण संभव हैं, जो यहां वर्णित नहीं हैं)।

वर्टेक्स shader

first.vet

शीर्ष शॉल्डर ड्राइंग कमांड द्वारा निर्दिष्ट कोने और संबंधित विशेषताओं को संसाधित करता है। शीर्ष shader इनपुट स्ट्रीम से वर्टिकल प्रोसेस करता है और इसे किसी भी इच्छित तरीके से जोड़-तोड़ कर सकता है। एक शीर्ष शॉल्डर इनपुट स्ट्रीम से एक सिंगल वर्टेक्स प्राप्त करता है और आउटपुट वर्टेक्स स्ट्रीम में एक सिंगल वर्टेक्स उत्पन्न करता है।

हमारे उदाहरण में, हम एक त्रिभुज खींचते हैं, इसलिए त्रिभुज के प्रत्येक कोने बिंदु के लिए एक बार 3 बार निष्पादित किया जाता है। इस स्थिति में, शीर्ष shader में इनपुट in vec3 inPos शीर्ष स्थान in vec3 inPos में रंग विशेषता in vec3 inCol । रंग विशेषताओं को अगले shader चरण ( out vec3 vertCol ) में पास किया जाता है।

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inCol;

out vec3 vertCol;

void main()
{
    vertCol = inCol;
    gl_Position = vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
}

भगदड़ शैडर

first.frag

इस उदाहरण में, शीर्ष shader के तुरंत बाद खंड shader है। शीर्ष पदों और विशेषताओं प्रत्येक टुकड़े के लिए प्रत्येक चेहरे के भीतर प्रक्षेपित हैं। टुकड़े टुकड़े को पूरे त्रिकोण पर प्रत्येक टुकड़े के लिए एक बार निष्पादित किया जाता है और फ्रिक्शन शेडर से रंग विशेषता प्राप्त करता है। चूँकि एक त्रिभुज खींचा जाता है, रंग विशेषता खींची गई त्रिभुज पर आधारित खंड के बेरेंट्रिक निर्देशांक के अनुसार प्रक्षेपित होती है।

#version 400

in vec3 vertCol;

out vec4 fragColor;

void main()
{
    fragColor = vec4( vertCol, 1.0 );
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

अजगर लिपि को केवल शेडर प्रोग्राम को संकलित करना, लिंक करना और निष्पादित करना और ज्यामिति तैयार करना है। यह तुच्छ रूप से C या कुछ और में फिर से लिखा जा सकता है। यह इस दस्तावेज का हिस्सा नहीं है, जिस पर सबसे ज्यादा ध्यान दिया जाना चाहिए।

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
from sys import *
from array import array
             
# draw event
def OnDraw(): 
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glBindVertexArray( vaObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3 )
    glutSwapBuffers()

# read vertex shader program
with open( 'first.vert', 'r' ) as vertFile:
    vertCode = vertFile.read()
print( '\nvertex shader code:' )
print( vertCode )

# read fragment shader program
with open( 'first.frag', 'r' ) as fragFile:
    fragCode = fragFile.read()
print( '\nfragment shader code:' )
print( fragCode )

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW = 800
wndH = 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define triangle data
posData = [ -0.636, -0.45, 0.0, 0.636, -0.45, 0.0, 0.0, 0.9, 0.0 ]
colData = [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ]
posAr = array( "f", posData )
colAr = array( "f", colData )

# create buffers
posBuffer = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posBuffer )
glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posAr.tostring(), GL_STATIC_DRAW )
colBuffer = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colBuffer )
glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colAr.tostring(), GL_STATIC_DRAW )

# create vertex array opject
vaObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
glBindVertexArray( vaObj )
glEnableVertexAttribArray( 0 )
glEnableVertexAttribArray( 1 )
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, posBuffer )
glVertexAttribPointer( 0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colBuffer )
glVertexAttribPointer( 1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )

# compile vertex shader
vertShader = glCreateShader( GL_VERTEX_SHADER )
glShaderSource( vertShader, vertCode )
glCompileShader( vertShader )
result = glGetShaderiv( vertShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
if not (result):
    print( glGetShaderInfoLog( vertShader ) )
    sys.exit()

# compile fragment shader
fragShader = glCreateShader( GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
glShaderSource( fragShader, fragCode )
glCompileShader( fragShader )
result = glGetShaderiv( fragShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
if not (result):
    print( glGetShaderInfoLog( fragShader ) )
    sys.exit()

# link shader program
shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
glAttachShader( shaderProgram, vertShader )
glAttachShader( shaderProgram, fragShader )
glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
if not (result):
    print( 'link error:' )
    print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
    sys.exit()

# start main loop
glutMainLoop()

OGL 4.0 GLSL में मॉडल-, दृश्य- और प्रोजेक्शन मैट्रिक्स का उपयोग

एक सरल ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल शेडर प्रोग्राम जो एक मॉडल, दृश्य और प्रक्षेपण मैट्रिक्स के उपयोग को दर्शाता है। कार्यक्रम को फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

  • प्रोजेक्शन मैट्रिक्स: प्रोजेक्शन मैट्रिक्स दुनिया में 3 डी पॉइंट से व्यूपोर्ट के 2 डी पॉइंट तक पिनहोल कैमरा की मैपिंग का वर्णन करता है। इस उदाहरण में हम 90 डिग्री के दृष्टिकोण के साथ एक प्रक्षेपण मैट्रिक्स का उपयोग करते हैं।

  • मैट्रिक्स देखें: व्यू मैट्रिक्स आँख की स्थिति और दृश्य को देखने की दिशा को परिभाषित करता है। इस उदाहरण में हम दृश्य के केंद्र की ओर एक दृश्य दिशा रखते हुए दृश्य के चारों ओर घूम रहे हैं।

  • मॉडल मैट्रिक्स: मॉडल मैट्रिक्स दृश्य में किसी वस्तु के स्थान और सापेक्ष आकार को परिभाषित करता है। इस उदाहरण में मॉडल मैट्रीस वस्तुओं को ऊपर और नीचे ले जाते हैं।

वर्टेक्स shader

mvp.vet

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inCol;

out vec3 vertCol;

uniform mat4 projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 viewMat44;
uniform mat4 modelMat44;

void main()
{
    vertCol = inCol;
    vec4 modolPos = modelMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
    vec4 viewPos = viewMat44 * modolPos;
    gl_Position = projectionMat44 * viewPos;
}

भगदड़ शैडर

mvp.frag

#version 400

in vec3 vertCol;

out vec4 fragColor;

void main()
{
    fragColor = vec4( vertCol, 1.0 );
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    currentTime = time()
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = perspective( 90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = Translate( np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32'), np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -8.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [10.0, CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ), 0.0] )
    
    # set up tetrahedron model matrix
    tetModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    tetModelMat = RotateX( tetModelMat, -90.0 )
    tetModelMat = Scale( tetModelMat, np.repeat( 2.0, 3 ) )
    tetModelMat = Translate( tetModelMat, np.array( [-2.0, 0.0, CalcMove(currentTime, 6.0, [-1.0, 1.0])] ) )

    # set up icosahedron model matrix
    icoModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    icoModelMat = RotateX( icoModelMat, -90.0 )
    icoModelMat = Scale( icoModelMat, np.repeat( 2.0, 3 ) )
    icoModelMat = Translate( icoModelMat, np.array( [2.0, 0.0, CalcMove(currentTime, 6.0, [1.0, -1.0])] ) )
 
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( viewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, viewMat )
    
    # draw tetrahedron
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, tetModelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( tetVAObj )
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(tetIndices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, tetIndices)

    # draw tetrahedron
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, icoModelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( icoVAObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(icoPosData) )
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
       
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array opject
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define tetrahedron vertex array opject
sin120 = 0.8660254
tetPposData = [ 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, -sin120, -0.5, sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120, -0.5, -sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120,     -0.5 ]
tetColData = [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, ]
tetIndices = [ 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2 ]
tetVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, tetPposData), (3, tetColData) ] )
tetInxArr = np.array( tetIndices, dtype='uint' )

# define icosahedron vertex array opject
icoPts = [
    [ 0.000,  0.000,  1.000], [ 0.894,  0.000,  0.447], [ 0.276,  0.851,  0.447], [-0.724,  0.526,  0.447],
    [-0.724, -0.526,  0.447], [ 0.276, -0.851,  0.447], [ 0.724,  0.526, -0.447], [-0.276,  0.851, -0.447], 
    [-0.894,  0.000, -0.447], [-0.276, -0.851, -0.447], [ 0.724, -0.526, -0.447], [ 0.000,  0.000, -1.000] ]
icoCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
icoIndices = [
  2,  0,  1,  3,  0,  2,  4,  0,  3,  5,  0,  4,  1,  0,  5, 11,  7,  6, 11,  8,  7, 11,  9,  8, 11, 10,  9, 11,  6, 10, 
  1,  6,  2,  2,  7,  3,  3,  8,  4,  4,  9,  5,  5, 10,  1,  2,  6,  7,  3,  7,  8,  4,  8,  9,  5,  9, 10,  1, 10,  6  ]
icoPosData = []
for inx in icoIndices:
    for inx_s in range(0, 3):
        icoPosData.append( icoPts[inx][inx_s] )
icoColData = []
for inx in range(0, len(icoPosData) // 9):
    inx_col = inx % len(icoCol)
    for inx_p in range(0, 3):
        for inx_s in range(0, 3):
                icoColData.append( icoCol[inx_col][inx_s] )
icoVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, icoPosData), (3, icoColData) ] )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'mvp.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'mvp.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "projectionMat44")
viewMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "viewMat44")
modelMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "modelMat44")

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

मॉडल पर एक बनावट रखो और OGL 4.0 GLSL में एक बनावट मैट्रिक्स का उपयोग करें

एक साधारण ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल शेडर प्रोग्राम जो दिखाता है कि एक जाल पर 2 डी बनावट को कैसे मैप किया जाए। कार्यक्रम को एक फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

बनावट मैट्रिक्स परिभाषित करता है कि बनावट मेष पर कैसे मैप की जाती है। बनावट मैट्रिक्स में हेरफेर करके, बनावट को विस्थापित, स्केल और घुमाया जा सकता है।

वर्टेक्स shader

tex.vert

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 inTex;

out vec2 vertTex;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_viewMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelMat44;
uniform mat4 u_textureMat44;

void main()
{
    vertTex = ( u_textureMat44 * vec4( inTex, 0.0, 1.0 ) ).st;
    vec4 modolPos = u_modelMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
    vec4 viewPos = u_viewMat44 * modolPos;
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
}

भगदड़ शैडर

tex.frag

#version 400

in vec2 vertTex;

out vec4 fragColor;

uniform sampler2D u_texture;

void main()
{
    vec4 texCol = texture( u_texture, vertTex.st );
    fragColor = vec4( texCol.rgb, 1.0 );
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    currentTime = time()
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = perspective( 90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = Translate( np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32'), np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -15.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [30.0, CalcAng( currentTime, 60.0 ), 0.0] )
    
    # set up tetrahedron model matrix
    cubeModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    cubeModelMat = RotateX( cubeModelMat, -90.0 )
    cubeModelMat = Scale( cubeModelMat, np.repeat( 5.0, 3 ) )
    
    # set up texture matrix
    texMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    deltaT = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / 28.0 ) * 28.0
    if deltaT < 7.0 or deltaT >= 21.0:
        texMat = Scale( texMat, np.repeat( CalcMove(currentTime, 7.0, [1.0, 2.0]), 3 ) )
    if deltaT >= 7.0 and deltaT < 14.0 or deltaT >= 21.0:
        transAng = math.radians( CalcAng(currentTime, 7.0) )
        texMat = Translate( texMat, np.array( [math.sin(transAng)*0.5, math.cos(transAng)*0.5-0.5, 0.0] ) )
    if deltaT >= 14.0:
        texMat = RotateZ( texMat, CalcAng(currentTime, 7.0) )
    
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( viewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, viewMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( textureMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, texMat )
    glUniform1i( textureLocation, 0 )
    
    # draw cube
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, cubeModelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( cubeVAObj )
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(cubeIndices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, cubeIndices)
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
    
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array object
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define cube vertex array opject
icoPts = [
    [-1.0, -1.0,  1.0], [ 1.0, -1.0,  1.0], [ 1.0,  1.0,  1.0], [-1.0,  1.0,  1.0],
    [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0], [ 1.0, -1.0, -1.0], [ 1.0,  1.0, -1.0], [-1.0,  1.0, -1.0] ]
cubePosData = []
for inx in [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 4, 0, 3, 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 1, 0, 4, 5 ]:
    for inx_s in range(0, 3): cubePosData.append( icoPts[inx][inx_s] )
cubeTexData = []
for inx in range(0, 6):
    for texCoord in [-0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5]: cubeTexData.append( texCoord )
icoCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
cubeIndices = []
for inx in range(0, 6):
    for inx_s in [0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3]: cubeIndices.append( inx * 4 + inx_s )
cubeVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, cubePosData), (2, cubeTexData) ] )
cubeInxArr = np.array( cubeIndices, dtype='uint' )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'python/ogl4tex/tex.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'python/ogl4tex/tex.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMat44")
viewMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_viewMat44")
modelMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelMat44")
textureMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_textureMat44")
textureLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_texture")

# create texture
texCX, texCY = 128, 128
texPlan = np.zeros( texCX * texCY * 4, dtype=np.uint8 )
for inx_x in range(0, texCX):
    for inx_y in range(0, texCY):
        val_x = math.sin( math.pi * 6.0 * inx_x / texCX )
        val_y = math.sin( math.pi * 6.0 * inx_y / texCY )
        inx_tex = inx_y * texCX * 4 + inx_x * 4
        texPlan[inx_tex + 0] = int( 128 + 127 * val_x )
        texPlan[inx_tex + 1] = 63
        texPlan[inx_tex + 2] = int( 128 + 127 * val_y )
        texPlan[inx_tex + 3] = 255
glActiveTexture( GL_TEXTURE0 )
texObj = glGenTextures( 1  )
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texObj )
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, texCX, texCY, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texPlan)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) 

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

इंटरफ़ेस ब्लॉक और यूनिफ़ॉर्म ब्लॉक का उपयोग करना: OGL 4.0 GLSL में एक कुक-टोरेंस लाइट मॉडल

एक साधारण ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल शेडर प्रोग्राम जो एक इंटरफ़ेस ब्लॉक और कुक-टॉरेंस माइक्रोफैसेट लाइट मॉडल कार्यान्वयन पर एक समान ब्लॉक का उपयोग दिखाता है। कार्यक्रम को एक फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

इंटरफ़ेस ब्लॉक GLSL इनपुट, आउटपुट, यूनिफ़ॉर्म या स्टोरेज बफर वैरिएबल्स का एक समूह है। एक वर्दी Blockis भंडारण क्वालीफायर के साथ एक अंतरफलक ब्लॉक है uniform

वर्टेक्स shader

ibub.vert

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNV;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inCol;

out TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec3 col;
} outData;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelViewMat44;
uniform mat3 u_normalMat33;

void main()
{
    vec4 viewPos = u_modelViewMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
    
    outData.pos = viewPos.xyz / viewPos.w;
    outData.nv  = u_normalMat33 * normalize( inNV );
    outData.col = inCol;
    
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
}

भगदड़ शैडर

ibub.frag

#version 400

in TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec3 col;
} inData;

out vec4 fragColor;

uniform UB_material
{
    float u_roughness;
    float u_fresnel0;
    vec4  u_specularTint;
};

struct TLightSource
{
    vec4 ambient;
    vec4 diffuse;
    vec4 specular;
    vec4 dir;
};

uniform UB_lightSource
{
    TLightSource u_lightSource;
};

vec3 CookTorrance( vec3 esPt, vec3 esPtNV, vec3 col, vec4 specularTint, float roughness, float fresnel0 )
{
  vec3  esVLight      = normalize( -u_lightSource.dir.xyz );
  vec3  esVEye        = normalize( -esPt );
  vec3  halfVector    = normalize( esVEye + esVLight );
  vec3  reflVector    = normalize( reflect( -esVLight, esPtNV ) );
  float VdotR         = dot( esVEye, reflVector );
  float HdotL         = dot( halfVector, esVLight );
  float NdotL         = dot( esPtNV, esVLight );
  float NdotV         = dot( esPtNV, esVEye );
  float NdotH         = dot( esPtNV, halfVector );
  float NdotH2        = NdotH * NdotH;
  float NdotL_clamped = max( NdotL, 0.0 );
  float NdotV_clamped = max( NdotV, 0.0 );
  float m2            = roughness * roughness;
  
  // Lambertian diffuse
  float k_diffuse = NdotL_clamped;
  
  // Cook-Torrance fresnel
  float theta = HdotL;
  float n = (1.0 + sqrt(fresnel0)) / (1.0 - sqrt(fresnel0));
  float g = sqrt( n*n + theta * theta + 1.0 );
  float gc = g + theta;
  float g_c = g - theta;
  float q = (gc * theta - 1.0) / (g_c * theta + 1.0);
  float fresnel = 0.5 * (g_c * g_c) / (gc * gc) * (1.0 + q * q);

  // Gaussian  distribution
  float psi = acos( VdotR );
  float distribution = max( 0.0, HdotL * exp( - psi * psi / m2 ) );
  
  // Torrance-Sparrow geometric term
  float geometric_att = min( 1.0, min( 2.0 * NdotH * NdotV_clamped / HdotL, 2.0 * NdotH * NdotL_clamped / HdotL ) );

  // Microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function 
  float brdf_spec = fresnel * distribution * geometric_att / ( 4.0 * NdotL_clamped * NdotV_clamped );
  float k_specular = brdf_spec;

  vec3 lightColor = col.rgb * u_lightSource.ambient.rgb
                  + max( 0.0, k_diffuse ) * col.rgb * u_lightSource.diffuse.rgb +
                  + max( 0.0, k_specular ) * mix( col.rgb, specularTint.rgb, specularTint.a ) *     u_lightSource.specular.rgb;
  return lightColor;
}

void main()
{
    vec3 lightCol = CookTorrance( inData.pos, inData.nv, inData.col, u_specularTint, u_roughness, u_fresnel0 );
    fragColor = vec4( lightCol, 1.0 );
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

sin120 = 0.8660254
rotateCamera = False

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    dist = 3.0
    currentTime = time()
    comeraRotAng = CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ) 
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = Perspective(90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = Translate( np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32'), np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -12.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [30.0, comeraRotAng if rotateCamera else 0.0, 0.0] )

    # set up light source
    lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.dir', TransformVec4([-3.0, -2.0, -1.0, 0.0], viewMat) )
    
    # set up tetrahedron model matrix
    tetModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    if not rotateCamera: tetModelMat = RotateY( tetModelMat, comeraRotAng )
    tetModelMat = RotateX( tetModelMat, -90.0 )
    tetModelMat = Scale( tetModelMat, np.repeat( 2.4, 3 ) )
    tetModelMat = Translate( tetModelMat, np.array( [0.0, dist, 0.0] ) )
    tetModelMat = RotateY( tetModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 20.0 ) )
    tetModelMat = RotateX( tetModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 9.0 ) )
    
    # set up icosahedron model matrix
    icoModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    if not rotateCamera: icoModelMat = RotateY( icoModelMat, comeraRotAng )
    icoModelMat = RotateX( icoModelMat, -90.0 )
    icoModelMat = Scale( icoModelMat, np.repeat( 2.0, 3 ) )
    icoModelMat = Translate( icoModelMat, np.array( [dist * -sin120, dist * -0.5, 0.0] ) )
    icoModelMat = RotateY( icoModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 20.0 ) )
    icoModelMat = RotateX( icoModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 11.0 ) )

    # set up cube model matrix
    cubeModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    if not rotateCamera: cubeModelMat = RotateY( cubeModelMat, comeraRotAng )
    cubeModelMat = RotateX( cubeModelMat, -90.0 )
    cubeModelMat = Scale( cubeModelMat, np.repeat( 1.6, 3 ) )
    cubeModelMat = Translate( cubeModelMat, np.array( [dist * sin120, dist * -0.5, 0.0] ) )
    cubeModelMat = RotateY( cubeModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 20.0 ) )
    cubeModelMat = RotateX( cubeModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 13.0 ) )
 
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    lightSourceBuffer.BindToTarget()
    
    # draw tetrahedron
    tetMaterialBuffer.BindToTarget()
    modelViewMat = Multiply(viewMat, tetModelMat)
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelViewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelViewMat )
    glUniformMatrix3fv( normalMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, ToMat33(modelViewMat) )
    glBindVertexArray( tetVAObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(tetPosData) )

    # draw icosahedron
    icoMaterialBuffer.BindToTarget()
    modelViewMat = Multiply(viewMat, icoModelMat)
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelViewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelViewMat )
    glUniformMatrix3fv( normalMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, ToMat33(modelViewMat) )
    glBindVertexArray( icoVAObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_TRIANGLES, 0, len(icoPosData) )

    # draw cube
    cubeMaterialBuffer.BindToTarget()
    modelViewMat = Multiply(viewMat, cubeModelMat)
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelViewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelViewMat )
    glUniformMatrix3fv( normalMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, ToMat33(modelViewMat) )
    glBindVertexArray( cubeVAObj )
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, len(cubeIndices), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, cubeIndices)
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
    
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array object
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

# representation of a uniform block
class UniformBlock:
     def __init__(self, shaderProg, name):
        self.shaderProg = shaderProg 
        self.name = name
     def Link(self, bindingPoint):
        self.bindingPoint = bindingPoint
        self.noOfUniforms = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS)
        self.maxUniformNameLen = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH)
        self.index = glGetUniformBlockIndex(self.shaderProg, self.name)
        intData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, intData)
        self.count = intData[0]
        self.indices = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_INDICES, self.indices)
        self.offsets = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformsiv(self.shaderProg, self.count, self.indices, GL_UNIFORM_OFFSET, self.offsets)
        self.size = 0
        strLengthData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        arraysizeData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        typeData = np.zeros(1, dtype='uint32')
        nameData = np.chararray(self.maxUniformNameLen+1)
        self.namemap = {}
        self.dataSize = 0 
        for inx in range(0, len(self.indices)):
            glGetActiveUniform( self.shaderProg, self.indices[inx], self.maxUniformNameLen, strLengthData, arraysizeData,     typeData, nameData.data )
            name = nameData.tostring()[:strLengthData[0]]
            self.namemap[name] = inx
            self.dataSize = max(self.dataSize, self.offsets[inx] + arraysizeData * 16) 
        glUniformBlockBinding(self.shaderProg, self.index, self.bindingPoint)
        print('\nuniform block %s size:%4d' % (self.name, self.dataSize))
        for uName in self.namemap:
            print( '    %-40s index:%2d    offset:%4d' % (uName, self.indices[self.namemap[uName]], self.offsets    [self.namemap[uName]]) ) 

# representation of a uniform block buffer
class UniformBlockBuffer:
    def __init__(self, ub):
        self.namemap = ub.namemap
        self.offsets = ub.offsets
        self.bindingPoint = ub.bindingPoint
        self.object = glGenBuffers(1)
        self.dataSize = ub.dataSize
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.zeros(self.dataSize//4, dtype='float32')
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.dataSize, dataArray, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)
    def BindToTarget(self):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.bindingPoint, self.object)
    def BindDataFloat(self, name, dataArr):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.array(dataArr, dtype='float32')
        glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.offsets[self.namemap[name]], len(dataArr)*4, dataArray)


def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def Multiply(matA, matB):
    matC = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        for i1 in range(0, 4):
            matC[i0,i1] = matB[i0,0] * matA[0,i1] + matB[i0,1] * matA[1,i1] + matB[i0,2] * matA[2,i1] + matB[i0,3] * matA    [3,i1]    
    return matC

def ToMat33(mat44):
    mat33 = np.matrix(np.identity(3), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 3): mat33[i0, i1] = mat44[i0, i1]
    return mat33

def TransformVec4(vecA,mat44):
    vecB = np.zeros(4, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        vecB[i0] = vecA[0] * mat44[0,i0] + vecA[1] * mat44[1,i0] + vecA[2] * mat44[2,i0]  + vecA[3] * mat44[3,i0]
    return vecB

def Perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

def AddToBuffer( buffer, data, count=1 ): 
    for inx_c in range(0, count):
        for inx_s in range(0, len(data)): buffer.append( data[inx_s] ) 

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define tetrahedron vertex array opject
tetPts = [ (0.0, 0.0, 1.0), (0.0, -sin120, -0.5), (sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120, -0.5), (-sin120 * sin120, 0.5 * sin120,     -0.5) ]
tetCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], ]
tetInxdices = [ 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, 0, 3, 1, 1, 3, 2 ]
tetPosData = []
for inx in tetInxdices: AddToBuffer( tetPosData, tetPts[inx] )
tetNVData = []
for inx_nv in range(0, len(tetInxdices) // 3):
    nv = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
    for inx_p in range(0, 3): 
        for inx_s in range(0, 3): nv[inx_s] += tetPts[ tetInxdices[inx_nv*3 + inx_p] ][inx_s]
    AddToBuffer( tetNVData, nv, 3 )
tetColData = []
for inx_col in range(0, len(tetInxdices) // 3): AddToBuffer( tetColData, tetCol[inx_col % len(tetCol)], 3 )
tetVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, tetPosData), (3, tetNVData), (3, tetColData) ] )

# define icosahedron vertex array opject
icoPts = [
    ( 0.000,  0.000,  1.000), ( 0.894,  0.000,  0.447), ( 0.276,  0.851,  0.447), (-0.724,  0.526,  0.447),
    (-0.724, -0.526,  0.447), ( 0.276, -0.851,  0.447), ( 0.724,  0.526, -0.447), (-0.276,  0.851, -0.447), 
    (-0.894,  0.000, -0.447), (-0.276, -0.851, -0.447), ( 0.724, -0.526, -0.447), ( 0.000,  0.000, -1.000) ]
icoCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
icoIndices = [
  2,  0,  1,  3,  0,  2,  4,  0,  3,  5,  0,  4,  1,  0,  5, 11,  7,  6, 11,  8,  7, 11,  9,  8, 11, 10,  9, 11,  6, 10, 
  1,  6,  2,  2,  7,  3,  3,  8,  4,  4,  9,  5,  5, 10,  1,  2,  6,  7,  3,  7,  8,  4,  8,  9,  5,  9, 10,  1, 10,  6  ]
icoPosData = []
for inx in icoIndices: AddToBuffer( icoPosData, icoPts[inx] )
icoNVData = []
for inx in icoIndices: AddToBuffer( icoNVData, icoPts[inx] )
#for inx_nv in range(0, len(icoIndices) // 3):
#    nv = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
#    for inx_p in range(0, 3): 
#        for inx_s in range(0, 3): nv[inx_s] += icoPts[ icoIndices[inx_nv*3 + inx_p] ][inx_s]
#    AddToBuffer( icoNVData, nv, 3 )
icoColData = []
for inx_col in range(0, len(icoIndices) // 3): AddToBuffer( icoColData, icoCol[inx_col % len(icoCol)], 3 )
icoVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, icoPosData), (3, icoNVData), (3, icoColData) ] )

# define cube vertex array opject
cubePts = [
    (-1.0, -1.0,  1.0), ( 1.0, -1.0,  1.0), ( 1.0,  1.0,  1.0), (-1.0,  1.0,  1.0),
    (-1.0, -1.0, -1.0), ( 1.0, -1.0, -1.0), ( 1.0,  1.0, -1.0), (-1.0,  1.0, -1.0) ]
cubeCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
cubeHlpInx = [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 2, 5, 4, 7, 6, 4, 0, 3, 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 1, 0, 4, 5 ] 
cubePosData = []
for inx in cubeHlpInx: AddToBuffer( cubePosData, cubePts[inx] )
cubeNVData = []
for inx_nv in range(0, len(cubeHlpInx) // 4):
    nv = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
    for inx_p in range(0, 4):
        for inx_s in range(0, 3): nv[inx_s] += cubePts[ cubeHlpInx[inx_nv*4 + inx_p] ][inx_s]
    AddToBuffer( cubeNVData, nv, 4 )
cubeColData = []
for inx_col in range(0, 6):
    AddToBuffer( cubeColData, cubeCol[inx_col % len(cubeCol)], 4 )
cubeIndices = []
for inx in range(0, 6):
    for inx_s in [0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3]: cubeIndices.append( inx * 4 + inx_s )
cubeVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, cubePosData), (3, cubeNVData), (3, cubeColData) ] )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'ibub.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'ibub.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
# get unifor locations
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMat44")
modelViewMatLocation  = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelViewMat44")
normalMatLocation     = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_normalMat33")
# linke uniform blocks
ubMaterial = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_material")
ubLightSource = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_lightSource")
ubMaterial.Link(1)
ubLightSource.Link(2)

# create uniform block buffers
lightSourceBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubLightSource)
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.ambient', [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.diffuse', [0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.specular', [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])

tetMaterialBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial)
tetMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.3])
tetMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.5])
tetMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.7])

icoMaterialBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial)
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.1])
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.2])
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.7])

cubeMaterialBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial)
cubeMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.5])
cubeMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.3])
cubeMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.7])

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल में एक ज्यामिति शेडर का उपयोग करके ज्यामिति बनाना

एक साधारण OGL 4.0 GLSL शेडर प्रोग्राम जो ज्यामिति शेड्स के उपयोग को दर्शाता है। कार्यक्रम को एक फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

इस उदाहरण में, पूरे ज्यामिति (एक सिलेंडर) ज्यामिति shader में उत्पन्न होता है।

वर्टेक्स shader

geo.vert

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inTangent;

out TVertexData
{
    mat3 orientationMat;
} outData;

void main()
{
    vec3 normal   = normalize( inNormal );
    vec3 tangent  = normalize( inTangent );
    vec3 binormal = cross( tangent, normal );
    
    outData.orientationMat = mat3( normal, cross( binormal, normal ), binormal );
    gl_Position = vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
}

ज्यामिति shader

geo.geo

#version 400

layout( invocations = 3 ) in;
layout( points ) in;
layout( triangle_strip, max_vertices = 160 ) out;

in TVertexData
{
    mat3 orientationMat;
} inData[];

out TGeometryData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec3 col;
} outData;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_viewMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelMat44;

void NewVertex( in vec3 pt, in mat4 transMat )
{
    vec4 viewPos = transMat * vec4( pt, 1.0 );
    outData.pos = viewPos.xyz / viewPos.w;
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
    EmitVertex();
}

const int circumferenceTile = 36;

void main()
{
    vec4 origin = gl_in[0].gl_Position;
    origin /= origin.w;
    mat4 orintationMat = mat4( vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[0], 0.0 ),
                               vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[1], 0.0 ),
                               vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[2], 0.0 ),
                               origin );
    mat4 modelViewMat = u_viewMat44 * u_modelMat44 * orintationMat;
    mat3 normalMat = mat3( modelViewMat );
  
    outData.col = vec3( 0.5, 0.7, 0.6 );

    if ( gl_InvocationID == 0 ) // top of the cylinder
    {
        outData.nv  = normalMat * vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        vec2 prevPt = vec2( 0.0, 1.0 );
        for ( int inx = 1; inx <= circumferenceTile; inx += 2 )
        {
            float ang1 = 2.0 * 3.14159 * float(inx) / float(circumferenceTile);
            float ang2 = 2.0 * 3.14159 * float(inx+1) / float(circumferenceTile);
            vec2 actPt1 = vec2( sin(ang1), cos(ang1) );
            vec2 actPt2 = vec2( sin(ang2), cos(ang2) );
      
            NewVertex( vec3(prevPt.xy, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt1.xy, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt2.xy, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            
            EndPrimitive();
            prevPt = actPt2;
        }
    }

    if ( gl_InvocationID == 1 ) // bottom of the cylinder  
    {
        outData.nv  = normalMat * vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0);    
        vec2 prevPt = vec2( 0.0, 1.0 );
        for ( int inx = circumferenceTile-1; inx >= 0; inx -= 2 )
        {
            float ang1 = 2.0 * 3.14159 * float(inx) / float(circumferenceTile);
            float ang2 = 2.0 * 3.14159 * float(inx-1) / float(circumferenceTile);
            vec2 actPt1 = vec2( sin(ang1), cos(ang1) );
            vec2 actPt2 = vec2( sin(ang2), cos(ang2) );    
            NewVertex( vec3(prevPt.xy, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt1.xy, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(0.0, 0.0, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt2.xy, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            
            EndPrimitive();
            prevPt = actPt2;
        }
    }

    if ( gl_InvocationID == 2 ) // hull of the cylinder
    {
        vec2 prevPt = vec2( 0.0, 1.0 );
        for ( int inx = 1; inx <= circumferenceTile; ++ inx )
        {
            float ang = 2.0 * 3.14159 * float(inx) / float(circumferenceTile);
            vec2 actPt = vec2( sin(ang), cos(ang) );
            
            outData.nv = normalMat * vec3(prevPt, 0.0);
            NewVertex( vec3(prevPt.xy, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            outData.nv = normalMat * vec3(actPt, 0.0);
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt.xy, -1.0), modelViewMat );
            outData.nv = normalMat * vec3(prevPt, 0.0);
            NewVertex( vec3(prevPt.xy, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            outData.nv = normalMat * vec3(actPt, 0.0);
            NewVertex( vec3(actPt.xy, 1.0), modelViewMat );
            
            prevPt = actPt;
        }
        EndPrimitive();
    }
}

भगदड़ शैडर

geo.frag

#version 400

in TGeometryData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec3 col;
} inData;

out vec4 fragColor;

uniform UB_material
{
    float u_roughness;
    float u_fresnel0;
    vec4  u_specularTint;
};

struct TLightSource
{
    vec4 ambient;
    vec4 diffuse;
    vec4 specular;
    vec4 dir;
};

uniform UB_lightSource
{
    TLightSource u_lightSource;
};

float Fresnel_Schlick( float theta )
{
    float m = clamp( 1.0 - theta, 0.0, 1.0 );
    float m2 = m * m;
    return m2 * m2 * m; // pow( m, 5.0 )
}

vec3 LightModel( vec3 esPt, vec3 esPtNV, vec3 col, vec4 specularTint, float roughness, float fresnel0 )
{
  vec3  esVLight      = normalize( -u_lightSource.dir.xyz );
  vec3  esVEye        = normalize( -esPt );
  vec3  halfVector    = normalize( esVEye + esVLight );
  float HdotL         = dot( halfVector, esVLight );
  float NdotL         = dot( esPtNV, esVLight );
  float NdotV         = dot( esPtNV, esVEye );
  float NdotH         = dot( esPtNV, halfVector );
  float NdotH2        = NdotH * NdotH;
  float NdotL_clamped = max( NdotL, 0.0 );
  float NdotV_clamped = max( NdotV, 0.0 );
  float m2            = roughness * roughness;
  
  // Lambertian diffuse
  float k_diffuse = NdotL_clamped;
  // Schlick approximation
  float fresnel = fresnel0 + ( 1.0 - fresnel0 ) * Fresnel_Schlick( HdotL );
  // Beckmann distribution
  float distribution = max( 0.0, exp( ( NdotH2 - 1.0 ) / ( m2 * NdotH2 ) ) / ( 3.14159265 * m2 * NdotH2 * NdotH2 ) );
  // Torrance-Sparrow geometric term
  float geometric_att = min( 1.0, min( 2.0 * NdotH * NdotV_clamped / HdotL, 2.0 * NdotH * NdotL_clamped / HdotL ) );
  // Microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function 
  float k_specular = fresnel * distribution * geometric_att / ( 4.0 * NdotL_clamped * NdotV_clamped );
  
  vec3 lightColor = col.rgb * u_lightSource.ambient.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_diffuse ) * col.rgb * u_lightSource.diffuse.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_specular ) * mix( col.rgb, specularTint.rgb, specularTint.a ) *     u_lightSource.specular.rgb;
  return lightColor;
}

void main()
{
    vec3 lightCol = LightModel( inData.pos, inData.nv, inData.col, u_specularTint, u_roughness, u_fresnel0 );
    fragColor = vec4( clamp( lightCol, 0.0, 1.0 ), 1.0 );
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

sin120 = 0.8660254
rotateCamera = False

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    dist = 3.0
    currentTime = time()
    comeraRotAng = CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ) 
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = Perspective(90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    viewMat = Translate( viewMat, np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -12.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [30.0, comeraRotAng if rotateCamera else 0.0, 0.0] )

    # set up light source
    lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.dir', TransformVec4([-0.1, 1.0, -5.0, 0.0], viewMat) )
    
    # set up the model matrix
    modelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    if not rotateCamera: modelMat = RotateY( modelMat, comeraRotAng )
    modelMat = Scale( modelMat, np.repeat( 4, 3 ) )
    #modelMat = Translate( modelMat, np.array( [0.0, 0.0, 1.0] ) )
    #modelMat = RotateY( modelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 20.0 ) )
    modelMat = RotateX( modelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 9.0 ) )
 
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( viewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, viewMat )
    lightSourceBuffer.BindToTarget()
    
    # draw point
    materialBuffer.BindToTarget()
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelMat )
    glBindVertexArray( pointVAObj )
    glDrawArrays( GL_POINTS, 0, 1 )
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
    
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER: 'geometry', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array object
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

# representation of a uniform block
class UniformBlock:
     def __init__(self, shaderProg, name):
        self.shaderProg = shaderProg 
        self.name = name
     def Link(self, bindingPoint):
        self.bindingPoint = bindingPoint
        self.noOfUniforms = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS)
        self.maxUniformNameLen = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH)
        self.index = glGetUniformBlockIndex(self.shaderProg, self.name)
        intData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, intData)
        self.count = intData[0]
        self.indices = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_INDICES, self.indices)
        self.offsets = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformsiv(self.shaderProg, self.count, self.indices, GL_UNIFORM_OFFSET, self.offsets)
        strLengthData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        arraysizeData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        typeData = np.zeros(1, dtype='uint32')
        nameData = np.chararray(self.maxUniformNameLen+1)
        self.namemap = {}
        self.dataSize = 0 
        for inx in range(0, len(self.indices)):
            glGetActiveUniform( self.shaderProg, self.indices[inx], self.maxUniformNameLen, strLengthData, arraysizeData,     typeData, nameData.data )
            name = nameData.tostring()[:strLengthData[0]]
            self.namemap[name] = inx
            self.dataSize = max(self.dataSize, self.offsets[inx] + arraysizeData * 16) 
        glUniformBlockBinding(self.shaderProg, self.index, self.bindingPoint)
        print('\nuniform block %s size:%4d' % (self.name, self.dataSize))
        for uName in self.namemap:
            print( '    %-40s index:%2d    offset:%4d' % (uName, self.indices[self.namemap[uName]], self.offsets    [self.namemap[uName]]) ) 

# representation of a uniform block buffer
class UniformBlockBuffer:
    def __init__(self, ub):
        self.namemap = ub.namemap
        self.offsets = ub.offsets
        self.bindingPoint = ub.bindingPoint
        self.object = glGenBuffers(1)
        self.dataSize = ub.dataSize
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.zeros(self.dataSize//4, dtype='float32')
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.dataSize, dataArray, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)
    def BindToTarget(self):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.bindingPoint, self.object)
    def BindDataFloat(self, name, dataArr):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.array(dataArr, dtype='float32')
        glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.offsets[self.namemap[name]], len(dataArr)*4, dataArray)

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def Multiply(matA, matB):
    matC = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        for i1 in range(0, 4):
            matC[i0,i1] = matB[i0,0] * matA[0,i1] + matB[i0,1] * matA[1,i1] + matB[i0,2] * matA[2,i1] + matB[i0,3] * matA    [3,i1]    
    return matC

def ToMat33(mat44):
    mat33 = np.matrix(np.identity(3), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 3): mat33[i0, i1] = mat44[i0, i1]
    return mat33

def TransformVec4(vecA,mat44):
    vecB = np.zeros(4, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        vecB[i0] = vecA[0] * mat44[0,i0] + vecA[1] * mat44[1,i0] + vecA[2] * mat44[2,i0]  + vecA[3] * mat44[3,i0]
    return vecB

def Perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

def AddToBuffer( buffer, data, count=1 ): 
    for inx_c in range(0, count):
        for inx_s in range(0, len(data)): buffer.append( data[inx_s] ) 

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define location vertex array opject
pointVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] ), (3, [0.0, 0.0, -1.0]), (3, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]) ] )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'geo.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'geo.geo', GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'geo.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
# get unifor locations
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMat44")
viewMatLocation       = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_viewMat44")
modelMatLocation      = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelMat44")
# linke uniform blocks
ubMaterial = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_material")
ubLightSource = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_lightSource")
ubMaterial.Link(1)
ubLightSource.Link(2)

# create uniform block buffers
lightSourceBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubLightSource)
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.ambient', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.diffuse', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.specular', [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])

materialBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial)
materialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.5])
materialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.2])
materialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.8])

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

OGL 4.0 GLSL में सबरूटीन्स का उपयोग करके ज्यामिति और सतही प्रतिनिधित्व को स्विच करना

एक साधारण ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल शेडर प्रोग्राम जो उपयोग करने वाले सबरूटीन को दिखाता है। कार्यक्रम को एक फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

सबरूटीन्स ज्यामिति शेडर में उत्पन्न विभिन्न ज्यामिति के बीच स्विच करते हैं और सतह प्रतिनिधित्व को बदलते हैं।

वर्टेक्स shader

subr.vert

#version 400

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNormal;
layout (location = 2) in vec3 inTangent;

out TVertexData
{
    mat3 orientationMat;
} outData;

void main()
{
    vec3 normal   = normalize( inNormal );
    vec3 tangent  = normalize( inTangent );
    vec3 binormal = cross( tangent, normal );
    
    outData.orientationMat = mat3( normal, cross( binormal, normal ), binormal );
    gl_Position = vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
}

ज्यामिति shader

subr.geo

#version 400

layout( points ) in;
layout( triangle_strip, max_vertices = 512 ) out;

in TVertexData
{
    mat3 orientationMat;
} inData[];

out TGeometryData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec2 tex;
} outData;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_viewMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelMat44;
uniform mat4 u_textureMat44;

void SetTextureCoord( in vec2 tecCoord )
{
    vec4 tex = u_textureMat44 * vec4( tecCoord, 0.0, 1.0 );
    outData.tex = tex.xy;
}

void NewVertex( in vec3 pt, in mat4 transMat )
{
    vec4 viewPos = transMat * vec4( pt, 1.0 );
    outData.pos = viewPos.xyz / viewPos.w;
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
    EmitVertex();
}

void NewVertexAndTex( in vec3 pt, in mat4 transMat )
{
    SetTextureCoord( pt.xy * 0.5 + 0.5 );
    NewVertex( pt, transMat ); 
}

void NewVertexNvTex( in vec3 pt, in mat4 transMat, in vec3 nv, in vec2 tex )
{
    outData.nv = nv;
    SetTextureCoord( tex );
    vec4 viewPos = transMat * vec4( pt, 1.0 );
    outData.pos = viewPos.xyz / viewPos.w;
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
    EmitVertex();
}

subroutine void TShape( in mat4 );
subroutine uniform TShape su_shape;

void main()
{
    vec4 origin = gl_in[0].gl_Position;
    origin /= origin.w;
    mat4 orintationMat = mat4( vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[0], 0.0 ),
                               vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[1], 0.0 ),
                               vec4( inData[0].orientationMat[2], 0.0 ),
                               origin );
    mat4 modelMat = u_modelMat44 * orintationMat;

    su_shape( modelMat );
}

subroutine(TShape) void DrawSphere( in mat4 modelMat )
{           
    const int circumferenceTile = 18;
    const int layersTile        = 11;

    mat4 modelViewMat = u_viewMat44 * modelMat;
    mat3 normalMat    = mat3( modelViewMat );

    float preStepLay = 0.0; 
    vec2  prePtLay   = vec2( 0.0, -1.0 );
    for ( int inxLay = 1; inxLay <= layersTile; ++ inxLay )
    {
        float stepLay = float(inxLay) / float(layersTile);
        float angLay  = 3.14159 * stepLay;
        vec2  ptLay   = vec2( sin(angLay), -cos(angLay) );

        float preStepCir = 0.0; 
        vec2  prePtCir   = vec2( 0.0, 1.0 );
        for ( int inxCir = 0; inxCir <= circumferenceTile; ++ inxCir )
        {    
            float stepCir = float(inxCir) / float(circumferenceTile);
            float angCir  = 2.0 * 3.14159 * stepCir;
            vec2  ptCir   = vec2( sin(angCir), cos(angCir) );

            if ( inxLay == 1 )
            {
                if ( inxCir >= 0 )
                {
                    vec3 pt1 = vec3( ptLay.x * prePtCir.x, ptLay.x * prePtCir.y, ptLay.y );
                    vec3 pt2 = vec3( 0.0, 0.0, -1.0 );
                    vec3 pt3 = vec3( ptLay.x * ptCir.x, ptLay.x * ptCir.y, ptLay.y );
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt1, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt1, vec2( preStepCir * 2.0, stepLay ) );
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt2, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt2, vec2( preStepCir + stepCir, preStepLay )  );   
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt3, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt3, vec2( stepCir * 2.0, stepLay )  ); 
                    EndPrimitive();
                }  
            }
            else if ( inxLay == layersTile )
            {
                if ( inxCir > 0 )
                {
                    vec3 pt1 = vec3( prePtLay.x * prePtCir.x, prePtLay.x * prePtCir.y, prePtLay.y );
                    vec3 pt2 = vec3( prePtLay.x * ptCir.x, prePtLay.x * ptCir.y, prePtLay.y );
                    vec3 pt3 = vec3( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 );
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt1, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt1, vec2( preStepCir * 2.0, preStepLay ) );
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt2, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt2, vec2( stepCir * 2.0, preStepLay )  );   
                    NewVertexNvTex( pt3, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt3, vec2( preStepCir + stepCir, stepLay )  ); 
                    EndPrimitive();
                }    
            }
            else
            {
                vec3 pt1 = vec3( prePtLay.x * ptCir.x, prePtLay.x * ptCir.y, prePtLay.y );
                vec3 pt2 = vec3( ptLay.x * ptCir.x, ptLay.x * ptCir.y, ptLay.y );
                NewVertexNvTex( pt1, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt1, vec2( stepCir * 2.0, preStepLay ) );
                NewVertexNvTex( pt2, modelViewMat, normalMat * pt2, vec2( stepCir * 2.0, stepLay )  );
            }

            preStepCir = stepCir;
            prePtCir   = ptCir;
        }
        if ( inxLay > 1 && inxLay < layersTile )
            EndPrimitive();
  
        preStepLay = stepLay;
        prePtLay   = ptLay;
    }
}

subroutine(TShape) void DrawTorus( in mat4 modelMat )
{
    const int   circumferenceTile = 12;
    const int   layersTile        = 18;
    const float torusRad          = 0.8;
    const float ringRad           = 0.4;

    mat4 modelViewMat = u_viewMat44 * modelMat;
    mat3 normalMat    = mat3( modelViewMat );

    float preStepLay = 0.0; 
    mat4  prePosMat;
    for ( int inxLay = 0; inxLay <= layersTile; ++ inxLay )
    {
        float stepLay = float(inxLay) / float(layersTile);
        float angLay  = 2.0 * 3.14159 * stepLay;
        mat4  posMat = mat4( 
            vec4( cos(angLay), sin(angLay), 0.0, 0.0 ),
            vec4( sin(angLay), cos(angLay), 0.0, 0.0 ),
            vec4( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 ),
            vec4( cos(angLay) * torusRad, sin(angLay) * torusRad, 0.0, 1.0 ) );
        
        for ( int inxCir = 0; inxLay > 0 && inxCir <= circumferenceTile; ++ inxCir )
        {    
            float stepCir = float(inxCir) / float(circumferenceTile);
            float angCir  = 2.0 * 3.14159 * stepCir;
            vec2  ptCir   = vec2( sin(angCir), cos(angCir) );

            vec4 tempPt = vec4( ptCir.x * ringRad, 0.0, ptCir.y * ringRad, 1.0 );
            vec4 pt1 = prePosMat * tempPt;
            vec4 pt2 = posMat * tempPt;
            NewVertexNvTex( pt1.xyz, modelViewMat, normalMat * normalize(pt1.xyz - prePosMat[3].xyz), vec2(stepCir,     preStepLay*2.0) );
            NewVertexNvTex( pt2.xyz, modelViewMat, normalMat * normalize(pt2.xyz - posMat[3].xyz), vec2(stepCir, stepLay*2.0)      );
        }
        EndPrimitive();
  
        preStepLay = stepLay;
        prePosMat  = posMat;
    }
}

भगदड़ शैडर

subr.frag

#version 400

in TGeometryData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
    vec2 tex;
} inData;

out vec4 fragColor;

uniform sampler2D u_texture;

uniform UB_material
{
    float u_roughness;
    float u_fresnel0;
    vec4  u_color;
    vec4  u_specularTint;
};

struct TLightSource
{
    vec4 ambient;
    vec4 diffuse;
    vec4 specular;
    vec4 dir;
};

uniform UB_lightSource
{
    TLightSource u_lightSource;
};

subroutine vec4 TSurface( void );
subroutine uniform TSurface su_surface;

float Fresnel_Schlick( in float theta );
vec3 LightModel( in vec3 esPt, in vec3 esPtNV, in vec3 col, in vec4 specularTint, in float roughness, in float fresnel0 );

void main()
{
    vec4 fragCol = su_surface();
    vec3 lightCol = LightModel( inData.pos, inData.nv, fragCol.rgb, u_specularTint, u_roughness, u_fresnel0 );
    
    fragColor = vec4( clamp( lightCol, 0.0, 1.0 ), fragCol.a );
}

subroutine(TSurface) vec4 SurfaceColor( void )
{
  return u_color;
} 

subroutine(TSurface) vec4 SurfaceTexture( void )
{
  return texture( u_texture, inData.tex.st );
} 

float Fresnel_Schlick( in float theta )
{
    float m = clamp( 1.0 - theta, 0.0, 1.0 );
    float m2 = m * m;
    return m2 * m2 * m; // pow( m, 5.0 )
}

vec3 LightModel( in vec3 esPt, in vec3 esPtNV, in vec3 col, in vec4 specularTint, in float roughness, in float fresnel0 )
{
  vec3  esVLight      = normalize( -u_lightSource.dir.xyz );
  vec3  esVEye        = normalize( -esPt );
  vec3  halfVector    = normalize( esVEye + esVLight );
  float HdotL         = dot( halfVector, esVLight );
  float NdotL         = dot( esPtNV, esVLight );
  float NdotV         = dot( esPtNV, esVEye );
  float NdotH         = dot( esPtNV, halfVector );
  float NdotH2        = NdotH * NdotH;
  float NdotL_clamped = max( NdotL, 0.0 );
  float NdotV_clamped = max( NdotV, 0.0 );
  float m2            = roughness * roughness;
  
  // Lambertian diffuse
  float k_diffuse = NdotL_clamped;
  // Schlick approximation
  float fresnel = fresnel0 + ( 1.0 - fresnel0 ) * Fresnel_Schlick( HdotL );
  // Beckmann distribution
  float distribution = max( 0.0, exp( ( NdotH2 - 1.0 ) / ( m2 * NdotH2 ) ) / ( 3.14159265 * m2 * NdotH2 * NdotH2 ) );
  // Torrance-Sparrow geometric term
  float geometric_att = min( 1.0, min( 2.0 * NdotH * NdotV_clamped / HdotL, 2.0 * NdotH * NdotL_clamped / HdotL ) );
  // Microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function 
  float k_specular = fresnel * distribution * geometric_att / ( 4.0 * NdotL_clamped * NdotV_clamped );
  
  vec3 lightColor = col.rgb * u_lightSource.ambient.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_diffuse ) * col.rgb * u_lightSource.diffuse.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_specular ) * mix( col.rgb, specularTint.rgb, specularTint.a ) * u_lightSource.specular.rgb;
  return lightColor;
}

फाइटन स्क्रिप्ट

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

sin120 = 0.8660254
rotateCamera = False

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    dist = 3.0
    currentTime = time()
    comeraRotAng = CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ) 
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = Perspective(90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    viewMat = Translate( viewMat, np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -14.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [30.0, comeraRotAng if rotateCamera else 0.0, 0.0] )

    # set up light source
    lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.dir', TransformVec4([-1.0, -1.0, -5.0, 0.0], viewMat) )
    
    # set up model matrices
    modelMat = []
    for inx in range(0, 2):
        modelMat.append( np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32') )
        if not rotateCamera: modelMat[inx] = RotateY( modelMat[inx], comeraRotAng )
    
    modelMat[0] = Scale( modelMat[0], np.repeat( 3, 3 ) )
    modelMat[0] = Translate( modelMat[0], np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -2.0] ) )
    modelMat[0] = RotateY( modelMat[0], CalcAng( currentTime, 23.0 ) )
    modelMat[0] = RotateX( modelMat[0], CalcAng( currentTime, 13.0 ) )
    
    modelMat[1] = Scale( modelMat[1], np.repeat( 3, 3 ) )
    modelMat[1] = Translate( modelMat[1], np.array( [0.0, 0.0, 2.0] ) )
    modelMat[1] = RotateY( modelMat[1], CalcAng( currentTime, 17.0 ) )
    modelMat[1] = RotateX( modelMat[1], CalcAng( currentTime, 9.0 ) )

    # set up texture matrix
    texMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
 
    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( viewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, viewMat )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( textureMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, texMat )
    glUniform1i( textureLocation, 0 )
    lightSourceBuffer.BindToTarget()
    
    # draw points
    glBindVertexArray( pointVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, 2):
        # set up geometry shader subroutine
        shape = 1 if inx==0 else 0 # 0: sphere, 1: torus 
        glUniformSubroutinesuiv(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, 1, np.array( [shape], dtype='uint' ))
        # set up fragment shader subroutine
        surfaceKind = inx # 0: color, 1: texture
        glUniformSubroutinesuiv(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, 1, np.array( [surfaceKind], dtype='uint' ))
       
        materialBuffer[inx].BindToTarget()
        glUniformMatrix4fv( modelMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelMat[inx] )
        glDrawArrays( GL_POINTS, 0, 1 )
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
    
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER: 'geometry', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# linke shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array object
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

# representation of a uniform block
class UniformBlock:
     def __init__(self, shaderProg, name):
        self.shaderProg = shaderProg 
        self.name = name
     def Link(self, bindingPoint):
        self.bindingPoint = bindingPoint
        self.noOfUniforms = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS)
        self.maxUniformNameLen = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH)
        self.index = glGetUniformBlockIndex(self.shaderProg, self.name)
        intData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, intData)
        self.count = intData[0]
        self.indices = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_INDICES, self.indices)
        self.offsets = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformsiv(self.shaderProg, self.count, self.indices, GL_UNIFORM_OFFSET, self.offsets)
        strLengthData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        arraysizeData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        typeData = np.zeros(1, dtype='uint32')
        nameData = np.chararray(self.maxUniformNameLen+1)
        self.namemap = {}
        self.dataSize = 0 
        for inx in range(0, len(self.indices)):
            glGetActiveUniform( self.shaderProg, self.indices[inx], self.maxUniformNameLen, strLengthData, arraysizeData,     typeData, nameData.data )
            name = nameData.tostring()[:strLengthData[0]]
            self.namemap[name] = inx
            self.dataSize = max(self.dataSize, self.offsets[inx] + arraysizeData * 16) 
        glUniformBlockBinding(self.shaderProg, self.index, self.bindingPoint)
        print('\nuniform block %s size:%4d' % (self.name, self.dataSize))
        for uName in self.namemap:
            print( '    %-40s index:%2d    offset:%4d' % (uName, self.indices[self.namemap[uName]], self.offsets[self.namemap    [uName]]) ) 

# representation of a uniform block buffer
class UniformBlockBuffer:
    def __init__(self, ub):
        self.namemap = ub.namemap
        self.offsets = ub.offsets
        self.bindingPoint = ub.bindingPoint
        self.object = glGenBuffers(1)
        self.dataSize = ub.dataSize
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.zeros(self.dataSize//4, dtype='float32')
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.dataSize, dataArray, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)
    def BindToTarget(self):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.bindingPoint, self.object)
    def BindDataFloat(self, name, dataArr):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.array(dataArr, dtype='float32')
        glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.offsets[self.namemap[name]], len(dataArr)*4, dataArray)

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def Multiply(matA, matB):
    matC = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        for i1 in range(0, 4):
            matC[i0,i1] = matB[i0,0] * matA[0,i1] + matB[i0,1] * matA[1,i1] + matB[i0,2] * matA[2,i1] + matB[i0,3] * matA[3,i1]        
    return matC

def ToMat33(mat44):
    mat33 = np.matrix(np.identity(3), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 3): mat33[i0, i1] = mat44[i0, i1]
    return mat33

def TransformVec4(vecA,mat44):
    vecB = np.zeros(4, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        vecB[i0] = vecA[0] * mat44[0,i0] + vecA[1] * mat44[1,i0] + vecA[2] * mat44[2,i0]  + vecA[3] * mat44[3,i0]
    return vecB

def Perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

def AddToBuffer( buffer, data, count=1 ): 
    for inx_c in range(0, count):
        for inx_s in range(0, len(data)): buffer.append( data[inx_s] ) 

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define location vertex array opject
pointVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] ), (3, [0.0, 0.0, 1.0]), (3, [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]) ] )

# create texture
texCX, texCY = 128, 128
texPlan = np.zeros( texCX * texCY * 4, dtype=np.uint8 )
for inx_x in range(0, texCX):
    for inx_y in range(0, texCY):
        val_x = math.sin( math.pi * 6.0 * inx_x / texCX )
        val_y = math.sin( math.pi * 6.0 * inx_y / texCY )
        inx_tex = inx_y * texCX * 4 + inx_x * 4
        texPlan[inx_tex + 0] = int( 128 + 127 * val_x )
        texPlan[inx_tex + 1] = 63
        texPlan[inx_tex + 2] = int( 128 + 127 * val_y )
        texPlan[inx_tex + 3] = 255
glActiveTexture( GL_TEXTURE0 )
texObj = glGenTextures( 1  )
glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, texObj )
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, texCX, texCY, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, texPlan)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT)
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT) 

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'python/ogl4subr/subr.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'python/ogl4subr/subr.geo', GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'python/ogl4subr/subr.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
# get unifor locations
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMat44")
viewMatLocation       = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_viewMat44")
modelMatLocation      = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelMat44")
textureMatLocation    = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_textureMat44")
textureLocation       = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_texture")
# linke uniform blocks
ubMaterial = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_material")
ubLightSource = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_lightSource")
ubMaterial.Link(1)
ubLightSource.Link(2)

# create uniform block buffers
lightSourceBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubLightSource)
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.ambient', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.diffuse', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.specular', [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])

materialBuffer = [ UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial), UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial) ]

materialBuffer[0].BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.45])
materialBuffer[0].BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.45])
materialBuffer[0].BindDataFloat(b'u_color', [0.5, 0.7, 0.6, 1.0])
materialBuffer[0].BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.8])

materialBuffer[1].BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.4])
materialBuffer[1].BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.4])
materialBuffer[1].BindDataFloat(b'u_color', [0.7, 0.5, 0.6, 1.0])
materialBuffer[1].BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[0.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.8])

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()

OGL 4.0 GLSL में टेसेलेशन शेड के साथ ज्यामिति को बदलना

एक साधारण ओजीएल 4.0 जीएलएसएल शेडर प्रोग्राम जो दिखाता है कि दिखाता है कि ज्यामिति पर टेसेलेशन शेडर के साथ विवरण कैसे जोड़ा जाए। कार्यक्रम को एक अजगर स्क्रिप्ट के साथ निष्पादित किया जाता है। स्क्रिप्ट चलाने के लिए, PyOpenGL और NumPy को इंस्टॉल करना होगा।

इस उदाहरण में मूल जाल एक इकोसैड्रॉन है जिसमें 20 त्रिकोण शामिल हैं। टेसलेशन कंट्रोल शेडर परिभाषित करता है कि प्रत्येक त्रिभुज को कई छोटे भागों के समूह में कैसे विभाजित किया गया है। जब एक त्रिभुज tessellating, उत्पन्न डेटा मूल त्रिकोण पर आधारित barycentric निर्देशांक हैं। टेसेलेशन मूल्यांकन शेडर इस तरह से प्राप्त आंकड़ों से नई ज्यामिति उत्पन्न करता है। इस उदाहरण में, प्रत्येक त्रिभुज को बीच में एक चोटी मिलती है, जो आइसोसाडर के केंद्र से बाहर की ओर निकलता है। इस तरह मूल icosahedron की तुलना में बहुत अधिक जटिल ज्यामिति उत्पन्न होती है।

वर्टेक्स shader

tess.vert

layout (location = 0) in vec3 inPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 inNV;

out TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
} outData;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;
uniform mat4 u_modelViewMat44;
uniform mat3 u_normalMat33;

void main()
{
    vec4 viewPos = u_modelViewMat44 * vec4( inPos, 1.0 );
    
    outData.pos = viewPos.xyz / viewPos.w;
    outData.nv  = u_normalMat33 * normalize( inNV );
    
    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * viewPos;
}

Tessellation नियंत्रण shader

tess.tctrl

#version 400

layout( vertices=3 ) out;

in TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
} inData[];

out TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
} outData[];

void main()
{
    outData[gl_InvocationID].pos = inData[gl_InvocationID].pos;
    outData[gl_InvocationID].nv  = inData[gl_InvocationID].nv;
  
    if ( gl_InvocationID == 0 )
    {
        gl_TessLevelOuter[0] = 10.0;
        gl_TessLevelOuter[1] = 10.0;
        gl_TessLevelOuter[2] = 10.0;
        gl_TessLevelInner[0] = 10.0;
    }
}

Tessellation मूल्यांकन shader

tess.teval

#version 400

layout(triangles, equal_spacing, ccw) in;

in TVertexData
{
    vec3 pos;
    vec3 nv;
} inData[];

out TTessData
{
    vec3  pos;
    vec3  nv;
    float height;
} outData;

uniform mat4 u_projectionMat44;

void main()
{
    float sideLen[3] = float[3]
    (
        length( inData[1].pos - inData[0].pos ),
        length( inData[2].pos - inData[1].pos ),
        length( inData[0].pos - inData[2].pos )
    );
    float s = ( sideLen[0] + sideLen[1] + sideLen[2] ) / 2.0;
    float rad = sqrt( (s - sideLen[0]) * (s - sideLen[1]) * (s - sideLen[2]) / s );

    vec3 cpt = ( inData[0].pos + inData[1].pos + inData[2].pos ) / 3.0;
    vec3 pos = inData[0].pos * gl_TessCoord.x + inData[1].pos * gl_TessCoord.y + inData[2].pos * gl_TessCoord.z;
    vec3 nv  = normalize( inData[0].nv * gl_TessCoord.x + inData[1].nv * gl_TessCoord.y + inData[2].nv * gl_TessCoord.z );

    float cptDist      = length( cpt - pos );
    float sizeRelation = 1.0 - min( rad, cptDist ) / rad; 
    float height       = pow( sizeRelation, 2.0 );

    outData.pos    = pos + nv * height * rad;
    outData.nv     = mix( nv, normalize( pos - cpt ), height );
    outData.height = height;

    gl_Position = u_projectionMat44 * vec4( outData.pos, 1.0 );
}

भगदड़ शैडर

tess.frag

#version 400

in TTessData
{
    vec3  pos;
    vec3  nv;
    float height;
} inData;

out vec4 fragColor;

uniform sampler2D u_texture;

uniform UB_material
{
    float u_roughness;
    float u_fresnel0;
    vec4  u_color;
    vec4  u_specularTint;
};

struct TLightSource
{
    vec4 ambient;
    vec4 diffuse;
    vec4 specular;
    vec4 dir;
};

uniform UB_lightSource
{
    TLightSource u_lightSource;
};

float Fresnel_Schlick( in float theta );
vec3 LightModel( in vec3 esPt, in vec3 esPtNV, in vec3 col, in vec4 specularTint, in float roughness, in float fresnel0 );

void main()
{
    vec3 col = mix( u_color.rgb, vec3( 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ), inData.height );
    vec3 lightCol = LightModel( inData.pos, inData.nv, col, u_specularTint, u_roughness, u_fresnel0 );
    fragColor = vec4( clamp( lightCol, 0.0, 1.0 ), 1.0 );
}

float Fresnel_Schlick( in float theta )
{
    float m = clamp( 1.0 - theta, 0.0, 1.0 );
    float m2 = m * m;
    return m2 * m2 * m; // pow( m, 5.0 )
}

vec3 LightModel( in vec3 esPt, in vec3 esPtNV, in vec3 col, in vec4 specularTint, in float roughness, in float fresnel0 )
{
  vec3  esVLight      = normalize( -u_lightSource.dir.xyz );
  vec3  esVEye        = normalize( -esPt );
  vec3  halfVector    = normalize( esVEye + esVLight );
  float HdotL         = dot( halfVector, esVLight );
  float NdotL         = dot( esPtNV, esVLight );
  float NdotV         = dot( esPtNV, esVEye );
  float NdotH         = dot( esPtNV, halfVector );
  float NdotH2        = NdotH * NdotH;
  float NdotL_clamped = max( NdotL, 0.0 );
  float NdotV_clamped = max( NdotV, 0.0 );
  float m2            = roughness * roughness;
  
  // Lambertian diffuse
  float k_diffuse = NdotL_clamped;
  // Schlick approximation
  float fresnel = fresnel0 + ( 1.0 - fresnel0 ) * Fresnel_Schlick( HdotL );
  // Beckmann distribution
  float distribution = max( 0.0, exp( ( NdotH2 - 1.0 ) / ( m2 * NdotH2 ) ) / ( 3.14159265 * m2 * NdotH2 * NdotH2 ) );
  // Torrance-Sparrow geometric term
  float geometric_att = min( 1.0, min( 2.0 * NdotH * NdotV_clamped / HdotL, 2.0 * NdotH * NdotL_clamped / HdotL ) );
  // Microfacet bidirectional reflectance distribution function 
  float k_specular = fresnel * distribution * geometric_att / ( 4.0 * NdotL_clamped * NdotV_clamped );
  
  vec3 lightColor = col.rgb * u_lightSource.ambient.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_diffuse ) * col.rgb * u_lightSource.diffuse.rgb +
                    max( 0.0, k_specular ) * mix( col.rgb, specularTint.rgb, specularTint.a ) * u_lightSource.specular.rgb;
  return lightColor;
}

पायथन लिपि

from OpenGL.GL import *
from OpenGL.GLUT import *
from OpenGL.GLU import *
import numpy as np
from time import time
import math
import sys

sin120 = 0.8660254
rotateCamera = False

# draw event
def OnDraw():
    dist = 3.0
    currentTime = time()
    comeraRotAng = CalcAng( currentTime, 10.0 ) 
    # set up projection matrix
    prjMat = Perspective(90.0, wndW/wndH, 0.5, 100.0) 
    # set up view matrix
    viewMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    viewMat = Translate( viewMat, np.array( [0.0, 0.0, -12.0] ) )
    viewMat = RotateView( viewMat, [30.0, comeraRotAng if rotateCamera else 0.0, 0.0] )

    # set up light source
    lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.dir', TransformVec4([-1.0, -1.0, -5.0, 0.0], viewMat) )
    
    # set up icosahedron model matrix
    icoModelMat = np.matrix(np.identity(4), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    if not rotateCamera: icoModelMat = RotateY( icoModelMat, comeraRotAng ) 
    icoModelMat = Scale( icoModelMat, np.repeat( 5, 3 ) )
    icoModelMat = RotateY( icoModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 17.0 ) )
    icoModelMat = RotateX( icoModelMat, CalcAng( currentTime, 13.0 ) )

    # set up attributes and shader program
    glEnable( GL_DEPTH_TEST )
    glClear( GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT )
    glUseProgram( shaderProgram )
    glUniformMatrix4fv( projectionMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, prjMat )
    lightSourceBuffer.BindToTarget()
    
    # draw icosahedron
    icoMaterialBuffer.BindToTarget()
    modelViewMat = Multiply(viewMat, icoModelMat)
    glUniformMatrix4fv( modelViewMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, modelViewMat )
    glUniformMatrix3fv( normalMatLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, ToMat33(modelViewMat) )
    glBindVertexArray( icoVAObj )
    glPatchParameteri( GL_PATCH_VERTICES, 3 )
    glDrawArrays( GL_PATCHES, 0, len(icoPosData) )
    
    glutSwapBuffers()

def Fract(val): return val - math.trunc(val)
def CalcAng(currentTime, intervall): return Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 360.0
def CalcMove(currentTime, intervall, range):
    pos = Fract( (currentTime - startTime) / intervall ) * 2.0
    pos = pos if pos < 1.0 else (2.0-pos)
    return range[0] + (range[1] - range[0]) * pos
    
# read shader program and compile shader
def CompileShader( sourceFileName, shaderStage ):
    with open( sourceFileName, 'r' ) as sourceFile:
        sourceCode = sourceFile.read()
    nameMap = { GL_VERTEX_SHADER: 'vertex', GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER: 'geometry', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER: 'fragment' }    
    print( '\n%s shader code:' % nameMap.get(shaderStage, '') )
    print( sourceCode )
    shaderObj = glCreateShader( shaderStage )
    glShaderSource( shaderObj, sourceCode )
    glCompileShader( shaderObj )
    result = glGetShaderiv( shaderObj, GL_COMPILE_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( glGetShaderInfoLog( shaderObj ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderObj

# link shader objects to shader program
def LinkProgram( shaderObjs ):
    shaderProgram = glCreateProgram()
    for shObj in shaderObjs:
        glAttachShader( shaderProgram, shObj )
    glLinkProgram( shaderProgram )
    result = glGetProgramiv( shaderProgram, GL_LINK_STATUS )
    if not (result):
        print( 'link error:' )
        print( glGetProgramInfoLog( shaderProgram ) )
        sys.exit()
    return shaderProgram

# create vertex array object
def CreateVAO( dataArrays ):
    noOfBuffers = len(dataArrays)
    buffers = glGenBuffers(noOfBuffers)
    newVAObj = glGenVertexArrays( 1 )
    glBindVertexArray( newVAObj )
    for inx in range(0, noOfBuffers):
        vertexSize, dataArr = dataArrays[inx]
        arr = np.array( dataArr, dtype='float32' )
        glBindBuffer( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers[inx] )
        glBufferData( GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, arr, GL_STATIC_DRAW )
        glEnableVertexAttribArray( inx )
        glVertexAttribPointer( inx, vertexSize, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, None )
    return newVAObj 

# representation of a uniform block
class UniformBlock:
     def __init__(self, shaderProg, name):
        self.shaderProg = shaderProg 
        self.name = name
     def Link(self, bindingPoint):
        self.bindingPoint = bindingPoint
        self.noOfUniforms = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS)
        self.maxUniformNameLen = glGetProgramiv(self.shaderProg, GL_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_MAX_LENGTH)
        self.index = glGetUniformBlockIndex(self.shaderProg, self.name)
        intData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORMS, intData)
        self.count = intData[0]
        self.indices = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformBlockiv(self.shaderProg, self.index, GL_UNIFORM_BLOCK_ACTIVE_UNIFORM_INDICES, self.indices)
        self.offsets = np.zeros(self.count, dtype=int)
        glGetActiveUniformsiv(self.shaderProg, self.count, self.indices, GL_UNIFORM_OFFSET, self.offsets)
        strLengthData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        arraysizeData = np.zeros(1, dtype=int)
        typeData = np.zeros(1, dtype='uint32')
        nameData = np.chararray(self.maxUniformNameLen+1)
        self.namemap = {}
        self.dataSize = 0 
        for inx in range(0, len(self.indices)):
            glGetActiveUniform( self.shaderProg, self.indices[inx], self.maxUniformNameLen, strLengthData, arraysizeData,     typeData, nameData.data )
            name = nameData.tostring()[:strLengthData[0]]
            self.namemap[name] = inx
            self.dataSize = max(self.dataSize, self.offsets[inx] + arraysizeData * 16) 
        glUniformBlockBinding(self.shaderProg, self.index, self.bindingPoint)
        print('\nuniform block %s size:%4d' % (self.name, self.dataSize))
        for uName in self.namemap:
            print( '    %-40s index:%2d    offset:%4d' % (uName, self.indices[self.namemap[uName]], self.offsets[self.namemap    [uName]]) ) 

# representation of a uniform block buffer
class UniformBlockBuffer:
    def __init__(self, ub):
        self.namemap = ub.namemap
        self.offsets = ub.offsets
        self.bindingPoint = ub.bindingPoint
        self.object = glGenBuffers(1)
        self.dataSize = ub.dataSize
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.zeros(self.dataSize//4, dtype='float32')
        glBufferData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.dataSize, dataArray, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW)
    def BindToTarget(self):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        glBindBufferBase(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.bindingPoint, self.object)
    def BindDataFloat(self, name, dataArr):
        glBindBuffer(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.object)
        dataArray = np.array(dataArr, dtype='float32')
        glBufferSubData(GL_UNIFORM_BUFFER, self.offsets[self.namemap[name]], len(dataArr)*4, dataArray)

def Translate(matA, trans):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i in range(0, 4): matB[3,i] = matA[0,i] * trans[0] + matA[1,i] * trans[1] + matA[2,i] * trans[2] + matA[3,i] 
    return matB

def Scale(matA, s):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 4): matB[i0,i1] = matA[i0,i1] * s[i0] 
    return matB

def RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, a0, a1):
    matB = np.copy(matA)
    ang = math.radians(angDeg)
    sinAng, cosAng = math.sin(ang), math.cos(ang)
    for i in range(0, 4):
        matB[a0,i] = matA[a0,i] * cosAng + matA[a1,i] * sinAng
        matB[a1,i] = matA[a0,i] * -sinAng + matA[a1,i] * cosAng
    return matB

def RotateX(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 1, 2)
def RotateY(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 2, 0)
def RotateZ(matA, angDeg): return RotateHlp(matA, angDeg, 0, 1)
def RotateView(matA, angDeg): return RotateZ(RotateY(RotateX(matA, angDeg[0]), angDeg[1]), angDeg[2])

def Multiply(matA, matB):
    matC = np.copy(matA)
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        for i1 in range(0, 4):
            matC[i0,i1] = matB[i0,0] * matA[0,i1] + matB[i0,1] * matA[1,i1] + matB[i0,2] * matA[2,i1] + matB[i0,3] * matA[3,i1]        
    return matC

def ToMat33(mat44):
    mat33 = np.matrix(np.identity(3), copy=False, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 3):
        for i1 in range(0, 3): mat33[i0, i1] = mat44[i0, i1]
    return mat33

def TransformVec4(vecA,mat44):
    vecB = np.zeros(4, dtype='float32')
    for i0 in range(0, 4):
        vecB[i0] = vecA[0] * mat44[0,i0] + vecA[1] * mat44[1,i0] + vecA[2] * mat44[2,i0]  + vecA[3] * mat44[3,i0]
    return vecB

def Perspective(fov, aspectRatio, near, far):
    fn, f_n = far + near, far - near
    r, t = aspectRatio, 1.0 / math.tan( math.radians(fov) / 2.0 )
    return np.matrix( [ [t/r,0,0,0], [0,t,0,0], [0,0,-fn/f_n,-2.0*far*near/f_n], [0,0,-1,0] ] )

def AddToBuffer( buffer, data, count=1 ): 
    for inx_c in range(0, count):
        for inx_s in range(0, len(data)): buffer.append( data[inx_s] ) 

# initialize glut
glutInit()

# create window
wndW, wndH = 800, 600
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
glutInitWindowSize(wndW, wndH)
wndID = glutCreateWindow(b'OGL window') 
glutDisplayFunc(OnDraw) 
glutIdleFunc(OnDraw)

# define icosahedron vertex array opject
icoPts = [
    ( 0.000,  0.000,  1.000), ( 0.894,  0.000,  0.447), ( 0.276,  0.851,  0.447), (-0.724,  0.526,  0.447),
    (-0.724, -0.526,  0.447), ( 0.276, -0.851,  0.447), ( 0.724,  0.526, -0.447), (-0.276,  0.851, -0.447), 
    (-0.894,  0.000, -0.447), (-0.276, -0.851, -0.447), ( 0.724, -0.526, -0.447), ( 0.000,  0.000, -1.000) ]
icoCol = [ [1.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0], [1.0, 0.5, 0.0], [1.0, 0.0, 1.0] ]
icoIndices = [
  2,  0,  1,  3,  0,  2,  4,  0,  3,  5,  0,  4,  1,  0,  5, 11,  7,  6, 11,  8,  7, 11,  9,  8, 11, 10,  9, 11,  6, 10, 
  1,  6,  2,  2,  7,  3,  3,  8,  4,  4,  9,  5,  5, 10,  1,  2,  6,  7,  3,  7,  8,  4,  8,  9,  5,  9, 10,  1, 10,  6  ]
icoPosData = []
for inx in icoIndices: AddToBuffer( icoPosData, icoPts[inx] )
icoNVData = []
for inx_nv in range(0, len(icoIndices) // 3):
    nv = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
    for inx_p in range(0, 3): 
        for inx_s in range(0, 3): nv[inx_s] += icoPts[ icoIndices[inx_nv*3 + inx_p] ][inx_s]
    AddToBuffer( icoNVData, nv, 3 )
icoVAObj = CreateVAO( [ (3, icoPosData), (3, icoNVData) ] )

# load, compile and link shader
shaderProgram = LinkProgram( [
        CompileShader( 'tess.vert', GL_VERTEX_SHADER ),
        CompileShader( 'tess.tctrl', GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER ),
        CompileShader( 'tess.teval', GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER ), 
        CompileShader( 'tess.frag', GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER )
    ] )
# get unifor locations
projectionMatLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_projectionMat44")
modelViewMatLocation  = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_modelViewMat44")
normalMatLocation     = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "u_normalMat33")
# linke uniform blocks
ubMaterial = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_material")
ubLightSource = UniformBlock(shaderProgram, "UB_lightSource")
ubMaterial.Link(1)
ubLightSource.Link(2)

# create uniform block buffers
lightSourceBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubLightSource)
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.ambient', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.diffuse', [0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0])
lightSourceBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_lightSource.specular', [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0])

icoMaterialBuffer = UniformBlockBuffer(ubMaterial)
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_roughness', [0.45])
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_fresnel0', [0.4])
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_color', [0.6, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0])
icoMaterialBuffer.BindDataFloat(b'u_specularTint',[1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 0.8])

# start main loop
startTime = time()
glutMainLoop()


Modified text is an extract of the original Stack Overflow Documentation
के तहत लाइसेंस प्राप्त है CC BY-SA 3.0
से संबद्ध नहीं है Stack Overflow