android-gradle
Configurez votre build avec Gradle

Remarques

Pourquoi y a-t-il deux fichiers build.gradle dans un projet Android Studio?

<PROJECT_ROOT>\app\build.gradle est spécifique au module d'application.

<PROJECT_ROOT>\build.gradle est un "fichier de construction de premier niveau" dans lequel vous pouvez ajouter des options de configuration communes à tous les sous-projets / modules.

Si vous utilisez un autre module dans votre projet, en tant que bibliothèque locale, vous auriez un autre fichier build.gradle: <PROJECT_ROOT>\module\build.gradle

Le fichier de construction de niveau supérieur

Le fichier build.gradle de niveau supérieur, situé dans le répertoire du projet racine, définit les configurations de génération qui s'appliquent à tous les modules de votre projet. Par défaut, le fichier de génération de niveau supérieur utilise le buildscript {} block pour définir les référentiels et les dépendances Gradle communs à tous les modules du projet. L'exemple de code suivant décrit les paramètres par défaut et les éléments DSL que vous pouvez trouver dans le fichier build.gradle de niveau supérieur après la création d'un nouveau projet.

buildscript {
    repositories {
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
       classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.2.0'
       classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:3.0.0'
    }
}

ext {
    compileSdkVersion = 23
    buildToolsVersion = "23.0.1"
}

Le fichier de construction au niveau du module

Le fichier build.gradle au niveau du module, situé dans chaque répertoire <project>/<module>/ , vous permet de configurer les paramètres de construction du module spécifique dans lequel il se trouve. La configuration de ces paramètres de construction vous permet de en tant que types de construction et variantes de produit supplémentaires, et remplacer les paramètres du manifeste main/ app ou du fichier build.gradle niveau build.gradle .

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'


android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
    buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
}

dependencies {
    //.....
}

Exemple de fichier de niveau supérieur

/**
 * The buildscript {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies for Gradle itself--meaning, you should not include dependencies
 * for your modules here. For example, this block includes the Android plugin for
 * Gradle as a dependency because it provides the additional instructions Gradle
 * needs to build Android app modules.
 */

buildscript {

    /**
     * The repositories {} block configures the repositories Gradle uses to
     * search or download the dependencies. Gradle pre-configures support for remote
     * repositories such as JCenter, Maven Central, and Ivy. You can also use local
     * repositories or define your own remote repositories. The code below defines
     * JCenter as the repository Gradle should use to look for its dependencies.
     */

    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }

    /**
     * The dependencies {} block configures the dependencies Gradle needs to use
     * to build your project. The following line adds Android Plugin for Gradle
     * version 2.0.0 as a classpath dependency.
     */

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0'
    }
}

/**
 * The allprojects {} block is where you configure the repositories and
 * dependencies used by all modules in your project, such as third-party plugins
 * or libraries. Dependencies that are not required by all the modules in the
 * project should be configured in module-level build.gradle files. For new
 * projects, Android Studio configures JCenter as the default repository, but it
 * does not configure any dependencies.
 */

allprojects {
   repositories {
       jcenter()
   }
}

L'exemple de fichier de module

/**
 * The first line in the build configuration applies the Android plugin for
 * Gradle to this build and makes the android {} block available to specify
 * Android-specific build options.
 */

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

/**
 * The android {} block is where you configure all your Android-specific
 * build options.
 */

android {

  /**
   * compileSdkVersion specifies the Android API level Gradle should use to
   * compile your app. This means your app can use the API features included in
   * this API level and lower.
   *
   * buildToolsVersion specifies the version of the SDK build tools, command-line
   * utilities, and compiler that Gradle should use to build your app. You need to
   * download the build tools using the SDK Manager.
   */

  compileSdkVersion 23
  buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"

  /**
   * The defaultConfig {} block encapsulates default settings and entries for all
   * build variants, and can override some attributes in main/AndroidManifest.xml
   * dynamically from the build system. You can configure product flavors to override
   * these values for different versions of your app.
   */

  defaultConfig {

    /**
     * applicationId uniquely identifies the package for publishing.
     * However, your source code should still reference the package name
     * defined by the package attribute in the main/AndroidManifest.xml file.
     */

    applicationId 'com.example.myapp'

    // Defines the minimum API level required to run the app.
    minSdkVersion 14

    // Specifies the API level used to test the app.
    targetSdkVersion 23

    // Defines the version number of your app.
    versionCode 1

    // Defines a user-friendly version name for your app.
    versionName "1.0"
  }

  /**
   * The buildTypes {} block is where you can configure multiple build types.
   * By default, the build system defines two build types: debug and release. The
   * debug build type is not explicitly shown in the default build configuration,
   * but it includes debugging tools and is signed with the debug key. The release
   * build type applies Proguard settings and is not signed by default.
   */

  buildTypes {

    /**
     * By default, Android Studio configures the release build type to enable code
     * shrinking, using minifyEnabled, and specifies the Proguard settings file.
     */

    release {
        minifyEnabled true // Enables code shrinking for the release build type.
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
  }

  /**
   * The productFlavors {} block is where you can configure multiple product
   * flavors. This allows you to create different versions of your app that can
   * override defaultConfig {} with their own settings. Product flavors are
   * optional, and the build system does not create them by default. This example
   * creates a free and paid product flavor. Each product flavor then specifies
   * its own application ID, so that they can exist on the Google Play Store, or
   * an Android device, simultaneously.
   */

  productFlavors {
    free {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.free'
    }

    paid {
      applicationId 'com.example.myapp.paid'
    }
  }
}

/**
 * The dependencies {} block in the module-level build configuration file
 * only specifies dependencies required to build the module itself.
 */

dependencies {
    compile project(":lib")
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.1.0'
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

Utilisez archivesBaseName pour changer le nom apk

Vous pouvez utiliser le archivesBaseName pour définir le nom de apk.

Par exemple:

  defaultConfig {
      ....
      project.ext.set("archivesBaseName", "MyName-" + defaultConfig.versionName);

  }

Vous obtiendrez cette sortie.

MyName-X.X.X-release.apk